Lab Anim Res.  2017 Dec;33(4):283-290. 10.5625/lar.2017.33.4.283.

Dendropanax morbifera Léveille extract ameliorates D-galactose-induced memory deficits by decreasing inflammatory responses in the hippocampus

• Lee KY
• Jung HY
• Yoo DY
• Kim W
• Kim JW
• Kwon HJ
• Kim DW
• Yoon YS
• Hwang IK
• Choi JH

• KMID: 2402264
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2017.33.4.283

Abstract

In the present study, we examined the effects of Dendropanax morbifera Léveille leaf extract (DML) on D-galactose-induced morphological changes in microglia and cytokines, including pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the hippocampus. Administration of DML to D-galactose-treated mice significantly improved D-galactose-induced reduction in escape latency, swimming speed, and spatial preference for the target quadrant. In addition, administration of DML to D-galactose-treated mice significantly ameliorated the microglial activation and increases of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus. Administration of D-galactose significantly reduced IL-4 levels in the hippocampus, while administration of DML to D-galactose-treated mice significantly increased IL-4 level. However, we did not observe any significant changes in IL-10 levels in hippocampal homogenates. These results suggest that DML reduces D-galactose-induced mouse senescence by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4.

Keyword

Dendropanax morbifera extract; D-galactose; hippocampus; inflammation; memory

MeSH Terms

Aging
Animals
Cytokines
Galactose
Hippocampus*
Inflammation
Interleukin-10
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-6
Memory Disorders*
Memory*
Mice
Microglia
Swimming
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
United Nations
Cytokines
Galactose
Interleukin-10
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-6
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Figure

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  Figure 1 Escape latency training trials (A), average speed (cm/sec) (B), frequency of target crossing (C) and time spent in correct quadrant (D) of vehicle-treated, D-galactose-treated, and D-galactose-treated group with Dendropanax morbifera Léveille leaf extract (D-galactose+DML) in the Morris water maze task (n=10; a indicates a significant difference from the vehicle-treated group; b indicates a significant difference from D-galactose-treated group). Vales are means±standard errors of the mean (SEM).

• 

  Figure 2 Immunohistochemical staining for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the hippocampal CA1 region of vehicle-treated (A), D-galactose-treated (B), and D-galactose-treated group with Dendropanax morbifera Léveille leaf extract (D-galactose+DML, C). Scale bar=100 µm. D: Relative optical densities (ROD) are expressed as a percentage of the value of vehicle-treated group corresponding to a tissue area of 400×400 µm in the hippocampal CA1 region per section of vehicle-treated, D-galactose-treated, and D-galactose+DML-treated mice (n=5; a indicates a significant difference from vehicle-treated group; b indicates a significant difference from D-galactose-treated group). Vales are means±standard errors of the mean (SEM).

• 

  Figure 3 Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 in hippocampi of vehicle-treated, D-galactose-treated, and D-galactose-treated group with Dendropanax morbifera Léveille leaf extract (D-galactose+DML) (n=5; a indicates a significant difference from vehicle-treated group; b indicates a significant difference from D-galactose-treated group). Vales are means± standard errors of the mean (SEM).

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