Allergy Asthma Respir Dis.  2015 Sep;3(5):313-319. 10.4168/aard.2015.3.5.313.

Effects of particulate matter in ambient air on the development and control of asthma

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 3Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 4Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 5Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 6Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 7Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
  • 8Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 9Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 10Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 11Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Pocheon, Korea.
  • 12Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 13Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea. cwkim1805@inha.ac.kr

Abstract

There has been growing concern regarding the effects of ambient air pollution on asthma. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major air pollutants affecting both general population and the patients with asthma. This paper reviews the recent evidence of the adverse effects of PM on the inception and morbidity of asthma. Epidemiological studies confirmed that short-term exposure to PM aggravated respiratory symptoms and lung function in asthma patients. Furthermore, PM induces acute exacerbations of asthma with increased risk of hospitalization and death. Long-term exposure to PM is responsible for new onset of asthma and lung function decline in both children and adults. Various mechanisms are involved in the effects of PM on airway including oxidative stress, augmentation of inflammation, promotion of allergen sensitization, induction of airway hyperresponsiveness, aggravation of rhinitis and DNA methylation. Special attention and care is needed for the patients with asthma to prevent the detrimental effects of PM.

Keyword

Particulate matter; Asthma; Disease progression; Disease susceptibility

MeSH Terms

Adult
Air Pollutants
Air Pollution
Asthma*
Child
Disease Progression
Disease Susceptibility
DNA Methylation
Epidemiologic Studies
Hospitalization
Humans
Inflammation
Lung
Oxidative Stress
Particulate Matter*
Rhinitis
Air Pollutants
Particulate Matter

Figure

  • Fig. 1. Classification of particulate matter based on diameter of particle.


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