Int J Oral Biol.  2011 Mar;36(1):13-21.

A Natural Product, Chios Gum Mastic, Induces the Death of HL-60 Cells via Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest

• Koo BC
• Kim DH
• Kim IR
• Kim GC
• Kwak HH
• Park BS

Abstract

Chios gum mastic (CGM) is produced from Pistiacia lentiscus L var chia, which grows only on Chios Island in Greece. CGM is a kind of resin extracted from the stem and leaves, has been used for many centuries in many Mediterranean countries as a dietary supplement and folk medicine for stomach and duodenal ulcers. CGM is known to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in some cancer cells. This study was undertaken to investigate the alteration of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis following CGM treatment of HL-60 cells. The viability of the HL-60 cells was assessed using the MTT assay. Hoechst staining and DNA electrophoresis were employed to detect HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, FACScan flow cytometry, MMP activity and proteasome activity analyses were also employed. CGM treatment of HL-60 cells was found to result in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and apoptotic cell death. Tested HL-60 cells showed a variety of apoptotic manifestations and induced the downregulation of G1 cell cycle-related proteins. Taken collectively, our present findings demonstrate that CGM strongly induces G1 cell cycle arrest via the modulation of cell cycle-related proteins, and also apoptosis via proteasome, mitochondrial and caspase cascades in HL-60 cells. Hence, we provide evidence that a natural product, CGM could be considered as a novel therapeutic for human leukemia.

Keyword

Chios gum mastic (CGM); apoptosis; cell cycle arrest; HL-60 cells

MeSH Terms

Apoptosis
Blotting, Western
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Cell Death
Cell Survival
Dietary Supplements
DNA
Down-Regulation
Duodenal Ulcer
Electrophoresis
Flow Cytometry
G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Gingiva
Greece
HL-60 Cells
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Leukemia
Medicine, Traditional
Microscopy, Confocal
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
Proteins
Resins, Plant
Stomach
DNA
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
Proteins
Resins, Plant