Exp Neurobiol.  2019 Oct;28(5):554-567. 10.5607/en.2019.28.5.554.

Cholesterol Metabolism in the Brain and Its Association with Parkinson's Disease

• Jin U
• Park SJ
• Park SM

• KMID: 2463711
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5607/en.2019.28.5.554

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the aging population after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defects in the lysosomal systems and mitochondria have been suspected to cause the pathogenesis of PD. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of PD remains obscure. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is linked to numerous disorders, including atherosclerosis. The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body and abnormal cholesterol metabolism links also many neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, PD, Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The blood brain barrier effectively prevents uptake of lipoprotein-bound cholesterol from blood circulation. Accordingly, cholesterol level in the brain is independent from that in peripheral tissues. Because cholesterol metabolism in both peripheral tissue and the brain are quite different, cholesterol metabolism associated with neurodegeneration should be examined separately from that in peripheral tissues. Here, we review and compare cholesterol metabolism in the brain and peripheral tissues. Furthermore, the relationship between alterations in cholesterol metabolism and PD pathogenesis is reviewed.

Keyword

Parkinson's disease; Brain cholesterol; Metabolism; Neurodegeneration

MeSH Terms

Aging
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Blood Circulation
Blood-Brain Barrier
Brain*
Cholesterol*
Metabolism*
Mitochondria
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Parkinson Disease*
Cholesterol