J Korean Child Neurol Soc.
2017 Sep;25(3):183-186. 10.26815/jkcns.2017.25.3.183.
Acute Cerebellitis Causing Life-threatening Brain Stem Compression and Acute Hydrocephalus: A Fatal Case Report
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea. pdsnoopy@naver.com
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
- KMID: 2392557
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.26815/jkcns.2017.25.3.183
Abstract
- Acute cerebellitis is a rare inflammatory disorder that occurs most frequently in children. The typical clinical course of acute cerebellitis is benign. However, in some cases of acute cerebellitis, fulminant cerebellar swelling with obliteration of the fourth ventricle causes brain stem compression and acute obstructive hydrocephalus, which can be life-threatening and require emergent neurosurgical procedures. We describe the case of a 4-year-old girl whose acute cerebellitis caused brain stem compression, acute obstructive hydrocephalus, and death. The patient was admitted to the emergency department because of a severe headache that had persisted for 5 days. Neurological examinations revealed no specific abnormality. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated diffuse swelling and high signal intensity lesions in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, obliteration of the fourth ventricle, and brain stem compression on T2-weighted images in conjunction with mild hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed white blood cell and red blood cell counts of 180/mm³ and 0/mm³, respectively; protein and glucose concentrations of 263.6 mg/dL and 37 mg/dL, respectively; and negative culture results. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient developed sudden cardiorespiratory arrest on day 2. Although emergency neurosurgery was performed after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, her condition progressed to brain death, and she died on day 29. This case suggests that timely and appropriate neurosurgery should be actively considered to relieve increased intracranial pressure in the early phases of acute cerebellitis.
MeSH Terms
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Brain Death
Brain Stem*
Brain*
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Child
Child, Preschool
Emergencies
Emergency Service, Hospital
Erythrocyte Count
Female
Fourth Ventricle
Glucose
Headache
Humans
Hydrocephalus*
Intracranial Hypertension
Intracranial Pressure
Leukocytes
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Neurologic Examination
Neurosurgery
Neurosurgical Procedures
Glucose
