Exp Neurobiol.  2014 Jun;23(2):124-129. 10.5607/en.2014.23.2.124.

Naringin: A Protector of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Projection

• Jung UJ
• Leem E
• Kim SR

• KMID: 2165512
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5607/en.2014.23.2.124

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and a biochemical reduction of striatal dopamine levels. Despite the lack of fully understanding of the etiology of Parkinson's disease, accumulating evidences suggest that Parkinson's disease may be caused by the insufficient support of neurotrophic factors, and by microglial activation, resident immune cells in the brain. Naringin, a major flavonone glycoside in grapefruits and citrus fruits, is considered as a protective agent against neurodegenerative diseases because it can induce not only anti-oxidant effects but also neuroprotective effects by the activation of anti-apoptotic pathways and the induction of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. We have recently reported that naringin has neuroprotective effects in a neurotoxin model of Parkinson's disease. Our observations show that intraperitoneal injection of naringin induces increases in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activity in dopaminergic neurons of rat brains with anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the production of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor by naringin treatment contributes to the protection of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection in a neurotoxin model of Parkinson's disease. Although the effects of naringin on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in human brains are largely unknown, these results suggest that naringin may be a beneficial natural product for the prevention of dopaminergic degeneration in the adult brain.

Keyword

Parkinson's disease; naringin; mTORC1; GDNF; neuroprotection

MeSH Terms

Adult
Animals
Antioxidants
Brain
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Citrus
Citrus paradisi
Dopamine
Dopaminergic Neurons
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Humans
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Nerve Growth Factors
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neuroprotective Agents
Parkinson Disease
Rats
Sirolimus
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Antioxidants
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Dopamine
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Nerve Growth Factors
Neuroprotective Agents
Sirolimus
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A