J Vet Sci.  2015 Jun;16(2):145-150. 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.2.145.

Evaluation of adjuvant effects of fucoidan for improving vaccine efficacy

• Kim SY
• Joo HG

• KMID: 2164522
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2015.16.2.145

Abstract

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, including Fucus vesiculosus. This compound is known to have immunostimulatory effects on various types of immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. A recent study described the application of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant. Vaccination is regarded as the most efficient prophylactic method for preventing harmful or epidemic diseases. To increase vaccine efficacy, effective adjuvants are needed. In the present study, we determined whether fucoidan can function as an adjuvant using vaccine antigens. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that fucoidan increases the expression of the activation markers major histocompatibility complex class II, cluster of differentiation (CD)25, and CD69 in spleen cells. In combination with Bordetella bronchiseptica antigen, fucoidan increased the viability and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production of spleen cells. Furthermore, fucoidan increased the in vivo production of antigen-specific antibodies in mice inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen. Overall, this study has provided valuable information about the use of fucoidan as a vaccine adjuvant.

Keyword

antigen-specific antibody; fucoidan; spleen cells; vaccine adjuvant; vaccine antigen

MeSH Terms

Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
Animals
Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology
Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology
Biomarkers/metabolism
Bordetella bronchiseptica/*immunology
Cells, Cultured
Cytokines/*metabolism
Female
Flow Cytometry
Fucus/*chemistry
Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/*immunology
Polysaccharides/*pharmacology
Spleen/metabolism
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Antigens, Bacterial
Bacterial Vaccines
Biomarkers
Cytokines
Polysaccharides

Figure

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  Fig. 1 The expression of B lymphocyte surface markers on fucoidan-treated spleen cells. Spleen cells were cultured in 6-well plates and treated with fucoidan (Fuco) at the indicated concentrations (µg/mL). After treatment, spleen cells were stained as described in "Materials and Methods". Numbers in the histograms represent the geometric mean fluorescence intensity.

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  Fig. 2 Up-regulated expression of lymphocyte activation markers on fucoidan-treated spleen cells. The cells were cultured, treated with fucoidan, and stained as described in "Materials and Methods". Numbers in the histograms represent the geometric mean fluorescence intensity.

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  Fig. 3 Fucoidan marginally increases the percentage of plasma cells. Spleen cells were cultured, treated with fucoidan, and stained as described in "Materials and Methods". Numbers in the dot plots represent the percentage of double-positive cells.

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  Fig. 4 The effect of fucoidan on the viability of Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) antigen-treated spleen cells. The cells were cultured in 96-well plates, and treated with 50 µg/mL fucoidan and BB antigen at the indicated concentrations (µg/mL). An MTT assay was then performed.

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  Fig. 5 Fucoidan up-regulates TNF-α production by BB antigen-treated spleen cells. The cells were cultured and treated as described in Fig. 4. The amount of TNF-α in the culture supernatants was then measured with ELISA.

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  Fig. 6 Fucoidan enhances antigen-specific antibody production in mice. The mice were injected with fucoidan and M. hyopneumoniae (MH) antigen as described in "Materials and Methods". The serum was harvested and diluted to measure the amount of antigen-specific antibodies.

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