Anat Cell Biol.  2018 Jun;51(2):105-112. 10.5115/acb.2018.51.2.105.

CD57 (Leu-7, HNK-1) immunoreactivity seen in thin arteries in the human fetal lung

• Ishizuka S
• Jin ZW
• Yamamoto M
• Murakami G
• Takayama T
• Hayashi K
• Abe SI

• KMID: 2421174
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.2018.51.2.105

Abstract

CD57 (synonyms: Leu-7, HNK-1) is a well-known marker of nerve elements including the conductive system of the heart, as well as natural killer cells. In lung specimens from 12 human fetuses at 10-34 weeks of gestation, we have found incidentally that segmental, subsegmental, and more peripheral arteries strongly expressed CD57. Capillaries near developing alveoli were often or sometimes positive. The CD57-positive tissue elements within intrapulmonary arteries seemed to be the endothelium, internal elastic lamina, and smooth muscle layer, which corresponded to tissue positive for a DAKO antibody reactive with smooth muscle actin we used. However, the lobar artery and pulmonary arterial trunk as well as bronchial arteries were negative. Likewise, arteries in and along any abdominal viscera, as well as the heart, thymus, and thyroid, did not express CD57. Thus, the lung-specific CD57 reactivity was not connected with either of an endodermal- or a branchial arch-origin. CD57 antigen is a sugar chain characterized by a sulfated glucuronic acid residue that is likely to exist in some glycosphingolipids. Therefore, a chemical affinity or an interaction might exist between CD57-positive arterioles and glycosphingolipids originating from alveoli, resulting in acceleration of capillary budding to make contact with the alveolar wall. CD57 might therefore be a functional marker of the developing air-blood interface that characterizes the fetal lung at the canalicular stage.

Keyword

CD57; Leu-7; HNK-1; Lung; Human fetus

MeSH Terms

Acceleration
Actins
Antigens, CD57
Arteries*
Arterioles
Bronchial Arteries
Capillaries
Endothelium
Fetus
Glucuronic Acid
Glycosphingolipids
Heart
Humans*
Killer Cells, Natural
Lung*
Muscle, Smooth
Pregnancy
Thymus Gland
Thyroid Gland
Viscera
Actins
Antigens, CD57
Glucuronic Acid
Glycosphingolipids

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Immunohistochemistry of the lung, kidney, adrenal, pancreas, and stomach in sections from a specimen at 10 weeks (50-mm crown-rump length). Sagittal sections. Panels A–H show immunostaining of the left lung (A and E, CD57; B and F, neuron-specific enolase [NSE]; C and G, S100; D and H, smooth muscle actin [SMA]), while panels I–L show that of the kidney, adrenal, pancreas and stomach. Panels E–H are higher-magnification views of the squares in panels A–D, re spec tively. Arrows in panels F and G indicate positive nerve elements. Panels I (CD57), J (NSE), K (S100), or L (SMA) displays the same section as shown in panel A, B, C, or D. Panels A–D, panels E–H, and panels I–L were prepared at the same magnification, respec tively. ULB, upper lobar bronchus; LLB, lower lobar bronchus. Scale bars=1 mm (A, L), 0.1 mm (E).

• 

  Fig. 2 Immunohistochemistry of the lung, liver, pancreas, and duodenum in sections from a specimen at 15 weeks (110 mm crown-rump length). Sagi ttal sections. Panels A–H show immu nostaining of the right lung lower lobe (A and E, CD57; B and F, neuron-specific enolase [NSE]; C and G, S100; D and H, smooth muscle actin [SMA]). Panels E–H are higher-magnification views of the squares in panels A–D, re spectively. Arrows in panels F and G indicate positive nerve elements. Panels I–L show that of the hilar portion of the liver including hepatic arteries and portal vein. Panels M–O show that of the pancreas and duodenum. Panels I and M (CD57), panels J and N (NSE), panels K and O (S100), or panels L and P (SMA) display the same section as shown in panel A, B, C or D. Panels A–D, panels E–H, and panels I–P were prepared at the same magnification, respectively. Scale bars=1 mm (A, I), 0.1 mm (E).

• 

  Fig. 3 Immunohistochemistry of the lung and heart in sections from a specimen at 16 weeks (125 mm crown-rump length). Horizontal sections. Panels A–H show immunostaining of the left lung lower lobe (A and E, CD57; B and F, S100; C and G, neuron-specific enolase [NSE]; D and H, smooth muscle actin [SMA]), while panels I–L show that of the left ventricular wall. Panels E–H are higher-magnification views of the squares in panels A–D, respectively. Panels A and B (or C and D) are adjacent sections. Panel I (CD57), panel J (S100), panel K (NSE), or panel L (SMA) displays the same section as shown in panel A, B, C, or D. Panels A–D, panels E–H, and panels I–L were prepared at the same magnification, respectively. Scale bars=1 mm (A, I), 0.1 mm (E).

• 

  Fig. 4 Immunohistochemistry of the lung in sections from a specimen at 30 weeks (255 mm crown-rump length). Sagittal sections. Panels A–H show immunostaining of the right lung middle lobe (A and E, CD57; B and F, neuron-specific enolase [NSE]; C and G, S100; D and H, smooth muscle actin [SMA]). Panels E–H are higher-magnification views of the squares in panels A–D, respectively. Two circles in panel A are shown in Fig. 5 at higher magnification. Panels A–D and panels E–H were prepared at the same magnification, respectively. Arrows is panel F and G indicate positive nerve elements. Scale bars=1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (E).

• 

  Fig. 5 CD57 reactivity in arterioles and capillaries near and adjacent to alveoli as well as in neuroendocrine cells of the bronchi. Sagittal sections. Panels A–C show peripheral alveolar areas in a specimen of 235 mm crown-rump length (CRL). Panel D displays a higher-magnification view of the circle in Fig. 4A (30 weeks; 255 mm CRL). Panels A–C contain both CD57-positive (arrowheads) and negative (arrows) capillaries. Arterioles are strongly positive. Panel D exhibits a subsegmental bronchus containing CD57-positive neuroendocrine cells (arrows). The other positive structures around the bronchus are supplying nerves: some of them to the bronchus. All panels were prepared at the same magnification. Scale bar=0.1 mm (A).

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