Asia Pac Allergy.  2017 Oct;7(4):206-212. 10.5415/apallergy.2017.7.4.206.

Comparison of nasal cytokine profiles of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus

• Park JS
• Kim YH
• Kwon E
• Callaway Z
• Fujisawa T
• Kim CK

• KMID: 2410214
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2017.7.4.206

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) share some epidemiological and clinical characteristics; however, few studies have examined the mechanisms by which these viruses induce airway inflammation.
OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to compare cytokine profiles in hMPV and RSV patients to investigate possible differences in inflammatory pathways.
METHODS
Nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were collected from 1,008 pediatric patients hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection with wheezing and 20 normal healthy controls. Patients were tested for 7 common respiratory viruses then divided into hMPV (n = 35) and RSV groups (n = 67). T helper (Th) 1 (interferon [IFN]-γ), Th2 (interleukin [IL]-4, eotaxin) and Th17 (IL-1β, IL-6) cytokine profiles were analyzed in the 3 groups.
RESULTS
IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly increased in the hMPV and RSV groups compared to the control group (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). IL-4 levels were significantly higher in the RSV group compared to the hMPV and control groups (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Eotaxin levels showed a tendency to be higher in the RSV group compared to the hMPV group (p = 0.0580), and significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the hMPV compared to the RSV group (p < 0.0001), and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the hMPV group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that hMPV and RSV have different inflammatory mechanisms. hMPV induces airway inflammation by the Th17 pathway through release of IL-1β and IL-6, whereas RSV acts through the Th2 pathway.

Keyword

Child; Cytokines; Metapneumovirus; Respiratory syncytial virus; Wheezing

MeSH Terms

Child
Cytokines
Humans*
Inflammation
Interleukin-2
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-6
Metapneumovirus*
Respiratory Sounds
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*
Respiratory Tract Infections
Cytokines
Interleukin-2
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-6

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparison of T helper 1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ (A) and interleukin (IL)-2 (B) in nasal secretions of patients infected with either human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (n = 35) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 67), and normal controls (n = 20).

• 

  Fig. 2 Comparison of T helper 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 (A) and chemokine eotaxin (B) in nasal secretions of patients infected with either human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (n = 35) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 67), and normal controls (n = 20).

• 

  Fig. 3 Comparison of T helper 17 cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β (A) and IL-6 (B) in nasal secretions of patients infected with either human metapneumovirus (hMPV) (n = 35) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (n = 67), and normal controls (n = 20).

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