Korean J Pediatr.  2009 Oct;52(10):1061-1068. 10.3345/kjp.2009.52.10.1061.

Treatment of chronic kidney disease in children

• Lee JH

• KMID: 2281037
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2009.52.10.1061

Abstract

The treatment of pediatric patients with chronic renal disease comprises management of nutritional imbalance, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disturbances, mineral bone disease, anemia, hypertension, and growth retardation. The treatment also includes administration of appropriate renal replacement therapy, if required. Adequate dietary intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and caloric intake must be encouraged in such patients to ensure proper growth and development. In addition, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base status must be regularly monitored and should be well maintained. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels must be maintained at their target range, which are determined on the basis of the glomerular filtration rate, to avoid the development of mineral bone disease. This can be achieved by using phosphorus binders and vitamin D analogues. An erythropoiesis-stimulating agent must be administered along with iron supplementation to maintain the hemoglobin level of the patients between 11-12 g/dL. Hypertension must be controlled with adequate water and sodium balance and appropriate antihypertensive agents. Administration of recombinant human growth hormone is recommended to improve the final adult heights.

Keyword

Chronic kidney disease; Children; Treatment; Mineral bone disease; Anemia; Hypertension; Growth hormone

MeSH Terms

Adult
Anemia
Antihypertensive Agents
Bone Diseases
Calcium
Carbohydrates
Child
Dietary Sucrose
Energy Intake
Fats
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Growth and Development
Growth Hormone
Hemoglobins
Human Growth Hormone
Humans
Hypertension
Iron
Parathyroid Hormone
Phosphorus
Proteins
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Renal Replacement Therapy
Sodium
Vitamin D
Antihypertensive Agents
Calcium
Carbohydrates
Dietary Sucrose
Fats
Growth Hormone
Hemoglobins
Human Growth Hormone
Iron
Parathyroid Hormone
Phosphorus
Proteins
Sodium
Vitamin D