Immune Netw.  2014 Jun;14(3):128-137. 10.4110/in.2014.14.3.128.

Differential Roles of Lung Dendritic Cell Subsets Against Respiratory Virus Infection

• Kim TH
• Lee HK

• KMID: 2168024
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4110/in.2014.14.3.128

Abstract

Respiratory viruses can induce acute respiratory disease. Clinical symptoms and manifestations are dependent on interactions between the virus and host immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs), along with alveolar macrophages, constitute the first line of sentinel cells in the innate immune response against respiratory viral infection. DCs play an essential role in regulating the immune response by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. In the steady state, lung DCs can be subdivided into CD103+ conventional DCs (cDCs), CD11b+ cDCs, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In the inflammatory state, like a respiratory viral infection, monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) are recruited to the lung. In inflammatory lung, discrimination between moDCs and CD11b+ DCs in the inflamed lung has been a critical challenge in understanding their role in the antiviral response. In particular, CD103+ cDCs migrate from the intraepithelial base to the draining mediastinal lymph nodes to primarily induce the CD8+ T cell response against the invading virus. Lymphoid CD8alpha+ cDCs, which have a developmental relationship with CD103+ cDCs, also play an important role in viral antigen presentation. Moreover, pDCs have been reported to promote an antiviral response by inducing type I interferon production rather than adaptive immunity. However, the role of these cells in respiratory infections remains unclear. These different DC subsets have functional specialization against respiratory viral infection. Under certain viral infection, contextually controlling the balance of these specialized DC subsets is important for an effective immune response and maintenance of homeostasis.

Keyword

Dendritic cells; Influenza; Respiratory syncytial virus; Lung; Infection

MeSH Terms

Adaptive Immunity
Antigen Presentation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Dendritic Cells*
Discrimination (Psychology)
Homeostasis
Immune System
Immunity, Innate
Influenza, Human
Interferon Type I
Lung*
Lymph Nodes
Macrophages, Alveolar
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
Respiratory Tract Infections
Interferon Type I

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Different type of DC subsets in the respiratory virus infected lung. In steady state, the lung contains multiple subsets of DCs, such as CD103+ cDCs, CD11b+ cDCs, CD8α+ cDCs, and pDCs. CD103+ cDCs are mainly located in mucosal walls, and extend their process to alveolar space for capture viral antigen. CD11b+ cDCs are distributed in lamina propria, which is below the basement membrane. pDCs are place in conducting airway, parenchyma and alveolar septa. After viral infection, inflammatory lung was induced the recruitment of moDCs. And viral antigen uptake migratory DCs translocate to draining mediastinal lymph nodes via afferent lymphatics. Migrated DCs can present to naïve T cells. Lymph node resident CD8α+ DCs can receive antigen from migratory DCs, and present T cells.

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