J Korean Soc Spine Surg.  2011 Mar;18(1):1-12. 10.4184/jkss.2011.18.1.1.

Variations of Neurotrophic Factors and It's Importances in Spinal Cord Injured Rats and Beagle Dogs

• Song IS
• Yang JY
• Lee JK
• Joo YB
• Cha SM

• KMID: 1448025
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4184/jkss.2011.18.1.1

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, prospective study
OBJECTIVES
To examine the changes in the variable factors after an acute spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats and dogs simultaneously. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: No study has examined the variations of several factors in a SCI model in different species.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In rats, a laminectomy was performed at the T10 level and the injured spinal cord was extracted. In Beagle dogs, the laminectomy level was T10 and T11. The motor function was evaluated using a modified Tarlov's scale. A RT2 profiler PCR array was used to examine each factor (inflammatory cytokines, factors-related with apoptosis, neurotrophic factors, factors-related with extraceullar matrix).
RESULTS
IL-2, TNF, TNFRSF11B increased with time and showed no statistical difference between two species, but TNFSF13B showed a significant difference. BDNF decreased with time in both species, and GDNF was significantly lower in dogs. NGFbeta, CTNF and its receptors showed no significant changes in the two species. MMP1 increased in both species but MMP7 decreased in rats and increased in dogs with time, and showed a significant difference between species.
CONCLUSION
The change in inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix correlates with each factor in the combined patterns. Moreover, during the first week after SCI, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, neutrophic factors, and extracellular matrix factors may show a partial difference between experimental animals, which means that an animal model can be selected according to the particular experimental plan.

Keyword

Spinal cord injury; Inflammatory cytokines; Factors-related with apoptosis; Neurotrophic factors; Factors-related with extraceullar matrix

MeSH Terms

Animals
Apoptosis
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Cytokines
Dogs
Extracellular Matrix
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Interleukin-2
Laminectomy
Models, Animal
Nerve Growth Factors
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Prospective Studies
Rats
Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Injuries
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Cytokines
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Interleukin-2
Nerve Growth Factors

Figure

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  Fig. 1. EMG recorded after spinal cord inury in dog: Noted severe training wave when spinal cord impacted. *SCI, spinal cord injury.

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  Fig. 2. This photograph shows the procedure and instrument of extraction RNA.

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  Fig. 3. Quality control of total RNA. All experimental material was well controlled.

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  Fig. 4. (A) Motor function after spinal cord injury at 1 day, 7 days by Tarlov's scale. (B) The count of motor function; There was no statistical difference between two groups. (C) Slides from Extracted spinal cord, vesicle and infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema was shown(H&E stain, ×20).

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  Fig. 5. This graphs show the acute inflammatory cytokines changes after spinal cord injury. Between two species, there was no significant difference(p>0.05).

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  Fig. 6. This graphs show the factors related with apoptosis. Also, there was no significant differences after spinal cord injury(p>0.05).

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  Fig. 7. This graphs show the changes of several neurotrophic factors. (A) GDNF was reduced more, statistically in dogs(p<0.05). (B),(C) These factors were no statistically differences(p>0.05).

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  Fig. 8. This graphs show the changes of factors related with extracellular matrix. (A), (B) These factors were all increased after spinal cord injury and there was no statistical differences(p>0.05). (C) MMP7 was reduced in rat, but increased in dog, also there was significant difference in changes(<0.05).

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