Restor Dent Endod.  2020 Feb;45(1):e3. 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e3.

Bioactivity of endodontic biomaterials on dental pulp stem cells through dentin

• Javid B
• Panahandeh N
• Torabzadeh H
• Nazarian H
• Parhizkar
• Asgary S

• KMID: 2470339
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2020.45.e3

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the indirect effect of calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as 2 calcium silicate-based hydraulic cements, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through different dentin thicknesses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two-chamber setups were designed to simulate indirect pulp capping (IPC). Human molars were sectioned to obtain 0.1-, 0.3-, and 0.5-mm-thick dentin discs, which were placed between the 2 chambers to simulate an IPC procedure. Then, MTA and CEM were applied on one side of the discs, while hDPSCs were cultured on the other side. After 2 weeks of incubation, the cells were removed, and cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment to the discs were evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDXA) spectroscopy was performed for elemental analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed quantitatively. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
RESULTS
SEM micrographs revealed elongated cells, collagen fibers, and calcified nucleations in all samples. EDXA verified that the calcified nucleations consisted of calcium phosphate. The largest calcifications were seen in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroups. There was no significant difference in ALP activity across the CEM subgroups; however, ALP activity was significantly lower in the 0.1-mm-thick dentin subgroup than in the other MTA subgroups (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The employed capping biomaterials exerted biological activity on hDPSCs, as shown by cell proliferation, morphology, and attachment and calcific precipitations, through 0.1- to 0.5-mm-thick layers of dentin. In IPC, the bioactivity of these endodontic biomaterials is probably beneficial.

Keyword

Calcium-enriched mixture cement; Dental pulp; Dental pulp capping; Endodontics; Mineral trioxide aggregate; Stem cells

MeSH Terms

Alkaline Phosphatase
Biocompatible Materials*
Calcium
Cell Proliferation
Collagen
Dental Pulp Capping
Dental Pulp*
Dentin*
Endodontics
Humans
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Miners
Molar
Pemetrexed
Spectrum Analysis
Stem Cells*
Alkaline Phosphatase
Biocompatible Materials
Calcium
Collagen
Pemetrexed

Figure

• 

  Figure 1. The setup for the experiment. (A) Separated view; (B) Assembled view. The setup had 1) 2 plexiglass rectangular chambers for the placement of materials/cells and 2) a hole (red arrowhead) for placement of the dentin discs.

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  Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of calcium-enriched mixture cement (left column) with (A) 0.1 mm, (C) 0.3 mm, and (E) 0.5 mm dentin thicknesses and mineral trioxide aggregate cement (right column) with (B) 0.1 mm, (D) 0.3 mm, and (F) 0.5 mm dentin thicknesses. White arrowheads indicate elongated cells and blue arrow heads show calcified nodules.

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  Figure 3. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the (A) Calcium-enriched mixture and (B) Mineral trioxide aggregate groups with 0.1-mm-thick dentin. Calcium and phosphorus ions were the predominant ions in the experimental groups.

Reference

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