Korean J Physiol Pharmacol.  2019 Mar;23(2):141-150. 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.2.141.

Far-infrared radiation stimulates platelet-derived growth factor mediated skeletal muscle cell migration through extracellular matrix-integrin signaling

• Lee D
• Seo Y
• Kim YW
• Kim S
• Bae H
• Choi J
• Lim I
• Bang H
• Kim JH
• Ko JH

• KMID: 2438088
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.2.141

Abstract

Despite increased evidence of bio-activity following far-infrared (FIR) radiation, susceptibility of cell signaling to FIR radiation-induced homeostasis is poorly understood. To observe the effects of FIR radiation, FIR-radiated materials-coated fabric was put on experimental rats or applied to L6 cells, and microarray analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and wound healing assays were performed. Microarray analysis revealed that messenger RNA expressions of rat muscle were stimulated by FIR radiation in a dose-dependent manner in amount of 10% and 30% materials-coated. In 30% group, 1,473 differentially expressed genes were identified (fold change [FC] > 1.5), and 218 genes were significantly regulated (FC > 1.5 and p < 0.05). Microarray analysis showed that extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cell migration-related pathways were significantly stimulated in rat muscle. ECM and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated cell migration-related genes were increased. And, results showed that the relative gene expression of actin beta was increased. FIR radiation also stimulated actin subunit and actin-related genes. We observed that wound healing was certainly promoted by FIR radiation over 48 h in L6 cells. Therefore, we suggest that FIR radiation can penetrate the body and stimulate PDGF-mediated cell migration through ECM-integrin signaling in rats.

Keyword

Cell movement; Infrared rays; Integrins; Microarray analysis; Platelet-derived growth factor

MeSH Terms

Actins
Animals
Cell Movement*
Extracellular Matrix
Focal Adhesions
Gene Expression
Homeostasis
Infrared Rays
Integrins
Microarray Analysis
Muscle, Skeletal*
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor*
Rats
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Messenger
Wound Healing
Actins
Integrins
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
RNA, Messenger

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Microarray analysis of messenger RNA expression in bio-active materials-coated fabric and control rat. (A) Hierarchical clustering heatmap was classified as color based on differentially expressed genes between Test10 group (10% materials-coated fabric), Test30 groups (30% materials-coated fabric) and control group. Yellow and blue color represents higher and lower than z-score mean. (B) Up- and down-regulated genes count were indicated each group (fold change [FC] > 1.5 and 2). (C) Significant genes count was indicated each group (FC < 1.5 and < 2, p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 2 Protein interaction network analysis. Protein interaction network was identified upon 22 differentially expressed genes via Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes version 10.5 (STRING; www.string-db.org). Col6a1, collagen, type VI alpha 1; Col3a1, collagen, type 3, alpha 1; Nid1, nidogen 1; Bgn, biglycan; Mmp14, matrix metallopeptidase 14; Actb, actin beta; Mmp2, matrix metallopeptidase 2; Vim, vimentin; Cd34, cd34 molecule; Msn, moesin; Gsn, gelsolin; Lcp1, lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1; Bmp4, bone morphogenetic protein 4; Sparc, secreted protein acidic cysteinerich; Pdgfra, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha polypeptide; Igf1, insulin-like growth factor 1; Tgfb1, transforming growth factor beta 1; Plau, plasminogen activator urokinase; Lrp1, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; Csf1r, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; Rarres2, retinoic acid receptor responder 2; Apoe, apolipoprotein E.

• 

  Fig. 3 Expression of messenger RNA for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated cell migration-related genes. (A) PDGF D (Pdgfd), (B) PDGF receptor alpha (Pdgfra), (C) PDGF receptor-like (Pdgfrl), (D) extracellular matrix protein 1 (Ecm1), (E) extracellular matrix protein 2 (Ecm2), (F) matrix metallopeptidase 2 (Mmp2), (G) integrin alpha 5 (Itga5), and (H) actin beta (Actb). FIR, far-infrared. *Statistically significant vs. control group, p < 0.05; **statistically significant vs. control group, p < 0.01.

• 

  Fig. 4 Wound healing assay using L6 cells of 0% and 10% far-infrared (FIR) radiated fabric for 48 h. (A) Images of L6 cell for 0% and 10% FIR radiated fabric were captured upon 0, 24, and 48 h in wound healing assay. (B) Relative scratch gap area was based on 0 h in 0% materials-coated fabric group cell and which were calculated using Image J software. **Statistically significant vs. control group, p < 0.01.

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