J Nutr Health.  2018 Oct;51(5):386-399. 10.4163/jnh.2018.51.5.386.

Effects of adherence to Korean diets on serum GGT and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes

• Jung SJ
• Chae SW

• KMID: 2427762
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.5.386

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study examined whether the supply of healthy Korean diets for 12 weeks is effective in improving the risk factors related to serum GGT and cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension and diabetes.
METHODS
This study selected 41 patients, who were treated with hypertension and diabetes. The Korean diet was composed of cooked-rice, soup, kimchi, and various banchan with one serving called bapsang, which emphasize proportionally high consumption of vegetables and fermented foods, moderate to high consumption of legumes and fish, and low consumption of animal foods. The control group was instead instructed to "eat and exercise as usual" while following the Korean Diabetes Association's dietary guidelines with an intake that can assist in glycemic control, maintain adequate weight, and meet the nutritional requirements. The Korean diet group (21 patients) were served three healthy Korean meals a day for 12 weeks, and the control group (20 patients, who trained in the diet guideline of diabetes) maintained their usual diabetic diet. The serum GGT, blood pressure, heart rate, glycemic control data, cardiovascular risk indicators, and changes in diet measured at the four visits (week 0, 4, 8, and 12) during the course of 12 weeks were compared and evaluated.
RESULTS
The serum GGT (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.004), heart rate (p = 0.007), weight (p = 0.002), Body Mass Index (p = 0.002), body fat mass (p < 0.001), body fat (%) (p < 0.001), and free fatty acid (p = 0.007) in the Korean diet group decreased significantly after the dietary intervention compared to the control group. The amount of intake of rice, whole grains, green vegetables, Kimchi, and soybean fermented food were increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The Korean diet group showed significant decreases (p < 0.001) in the intake of animal protein, lipid, and cholesterol derived from animal foods compared to the control group but significant increases (p < 0.001) in the intake of total calories, folic acid, dietary fiber, sodium, potassium, and vitamins A, E, and C.
CONCLUSION
In patients with hypertension and diabetes, it was confirmed that regular eating of a healthy Korean diet helps improve the risk factors for GGT and cardiovascular diseases.

Keyword

Korean diet; cardiovascular disease; serum gamma-glutamyltranserase; hypertensive; diabetes

MeSH Terms

Adipose Tissue
Animals
Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
Cardiovascular Diseases*
Cholesterol
Diet*
Diet, Diabetic
Dietary Fiber
Eating
Fabaceae
Folic Acid
Heart Rate
Humans
Hypertension*
Meals
Nutrition Policy
Nutritional Requirements
Potassium
Risk Factors*
Sodium
Soybeans
Vegetables
Vitamins
Whole Grains
Cholesterol
Folic Acid
Potassium
Sodium
Vitamins

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