Environ Health Toxicol.  2017 ;32(1):e2017021. 10.5620/eht.e2017021.

Importance of indoor dust biological ultrafine particles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases

• Yang J
• Kim YK
• Kang TS
• Jee YK
• Kim YY

• KMID: 2411253
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5620/eht.e2017021

Abstract

The role of infectious agents in the etiology of inflammatory diseases once believed to be non-infectious is increasingly being recognized. Many bacterial components in the indoor dust can evoke inflammatory lung diseases. Bacteria secrete nanometer-sized vesicles into the extracellular milieu, so-called extracellular vesicles (EV). which are pathophysiologically related to inflammatory diseases. Microbiota compositions in the indoor dust revealed the presence of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli is a model organism of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae. The repeated inhalation of E. coli-derived EVs caused neutrophilic inflammation and emphysema in a dose-dependent manner. The emphysema induced by E. coli-derived EVs was partially eliminated by the absence of Interferon-gamma or interleukin-17, suggesting that Th1 and/or Th17 cell responses are important in the emphysema development. Meanwhile, the repeated inhalation of Staphylococcus aureus-derived EVs did not induce emphysema, although they induced neutrophilic inflammation in the lung. In terms of microbial EV compositions in the indoor dust, genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, and Staphylococcus were dominant. As for the clinical significance of sensitization to EVs in the indoor dust, EV sensitization was closely associated with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and lung cancer. These data indicate that biological ultrafine particles in the indoor dust, which are mainly composed of microbial EVs, are important in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases associated with neutrophilic inflammation. Taken together, microbial EVs in the indoor dust are an important diagnostic and therapeutic target for the control of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma, COPD, and lung cancer.

Keyword

Ultrafine particle; Particulate matter; Extracellular vesicle; Indoor dust; Inflammatory pulmonary disease

MeSH Terms

Acinetobacter
Asthma
Bacteria
Dust*
Emphysema
Enterobacter
Enterobacteriaceae
Escherichia coli
Extracellular Vesicles
Gram-Positive Bacteria
Inflammation
Inhalation
Interferon-gamma
Interleukin-17
Lung Diseases*
Lung Neoplasms
Lung*
Microbiota
Neutrophils
Particulate Matter
Pseudomonas
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Staphylococcus
Th17 Cells
Dust
Interferon-gamma
Interleukin-17
Particulate Matter