Korean J Physiol Pharmacol.  2018 May;22(3):257-267. 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.257.

Effects of cinnamic acid on memory deficits and brain oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

• Hemmati AA
• Alboghobeish S
• Ahangarpour A

• KMID: 2410090
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.257

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the cinnamic acid effect on memory impairment, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model in mice. In this experimental study, 48 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice (30-35 g) were chosen and were randomly divided into six groups: control, cinnamic acid (20 mg/kg day, i.p. ), diabetic, and cinnamic acid-treated diabetic (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg day, i.p. ). Memory was impaired by administering an intraperitoneal STZ injection of 50 mg/kg. Cinnamic acid was injected for 40 days starting from the 21st day after confirming STZ-induced dementia to observe its therapeutic effect. Memory function was assessed using cross-arm maze, morris water maze and passive avoidance test. After the administration, biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and cholinergic function were estimated in the brain. Present data indicated that inducing STZ caused significant memory impairment, whereas administration of cinnamic acid caused significant and dose-dependent memory improvement. Assessment of brain homogenates indicated cholinergic dysfunction, increase in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decrease in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the diabetic group compared to the control animals, whereas cinnamic acid administration ameliorated these indices in the diabetic mice. The present study demonstrated that cinnamic acid improves memory by reducing the oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction in the brain of diabetic mice.

Keyword

Cinnamic acid; Diabetes; Memory; Oxidative stress; Streptozotocin

MeSH Terms

Academies and Institutes
Animals
Brain*
Catalase
Dementia
Glutathione
Humans
Lipid Peroxidation
Male
Memory Disorders*
Memory*
Mice*
Oxidative Stress*
Reactive Oxygen Species
Streptozocin
Superoxide Dismutase
Water
Catalase
Glutathione
Reactive Oxygen Species
Streptozocin
Superoxide Dismutase
Water

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Effects of diabetes and cinnamic acid on memory retention in mice.(A) Step down latency before treat. (B) Step down latency after 20 days. (C) Step down latency after 40 days. Each value was presented as means±SEM (n=8). Letter a: Significantly different from control group (p<0.05), Letter b: Significantly different from diabetic group (p<0.05), a* and b*: p< 0.01, a** and b**: p< 0.001. p values were from one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effect of diabetes and cinnamic acid on number of entries in the cross-arm maze in mice.Letter a: indicates significant difference compared to control group (p<0.05). Letter b: indicates significant difference compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). p values were from oneway ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.

• 

  Fig. 3 Effect of diabetes and cinnamic acid on alternation percent in the cross-arm maze in mice.Letter a: indicates significant difference compared to control group (p <0.05). Letter b: indicates significant difference compared to diabetic group (p <0.05). a* and b*: p<0.01. p values were from one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.

• 

  Fig. 4 Effect of diabetes and cinnamic acid on spatial memory in morris water maze test.p values were from one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.

• 

  Fig. 5 Effect of diabetes and cinnamic acid on nitrite levelLetter a: indicates significant difference compared to control group (p<0.05). Letter b: indicates significant difference compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). a*: p<0.01. p values were from one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.

• 

  Fig. 6 Effect of diabetes and cinnamic acid on AChE activityData values are expressed as mean AChE activity (µmol/min/mg protein)±SEM. Letter a: indicates significant difference compared to control group (p<0.05). Letter b: indicates significant difference compared to diabetic group (p<0.05). a**: p<0.001. p values were from one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.

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