Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.  2017 Dec;10(4):325-331. 10.21053/ceo.2017.00101.

Effect of Proparacaine in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis

• Kim HS
• Won S
• Lee EK
• Chun YH
• Yoon JS
• Kim JT
• Kim HH

• KMID: 2396787
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2017.00101

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Lidocaine, a local anaesthetic is a treatment option in uncontrolled asthma due to its immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, proparacaine (PPC), a derivative of lidocaine was examined for its therapeutic application in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.
METHODS
The mice were grouped into 4 groups: control group, allergic rhinitis (AR) group, ciclesonide (CIC) group, and PPC group. Nasal symptom scores, eosinophil counts, goblet cell counts, and mast cells counts in the nasal mucosa were measured. Serum ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, OVA-specific IgG1, OVA-specific IgG2a, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and cortisol levels were measured.
RESULTS
Intranasal administration of PPC significantly decreased nasal symptoms, number of eosinophils, goblet cells, and mast cells in the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa. Serum OVA-specific IgE, OVA-specific IgG1, OVA-specific IgG2a was significantly higher in the AR compared with the control group. Serum level of IL-4 was significantly lower in the CIC group and PPC group in comparison with AR group. Serum IL-5 showed no significant difference among all groups. No significant difference in serum cortisol levels was observed among the 4 groups.
CONCLUSION
PPC appears to have a therapeutic potential in treatment of allergic rhinitis in a mouse model by reducing eosinophil, goblet cell, and mast cell infiltration in the nasal mucosa.

Keyword

Ciclesonide; Mice; Ovalbumin; Proparacaine; Allergic Rhinitis

MeSH Terms

Administration, Intranasal
Animals
Asthma
Eosinophils
Goblet Cells
Hydrocortisone
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulins
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-5
Interleukins
Lidocaine
Mast Cells
Mice*
Mucous Membrane
Nasal Mucosa
Ovalbumin
Rhinitis, Allergic*
Hydrocortisone
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulins
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-5
Interleukins
Lidocaine
Ovalbumin

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the experimental allergic rhinitis model and treatment protocol. Briefly, on days 0, 7, and 14, mice were systemically sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of 100 μg of ovalbumin (OVA) mixed with 2 mg of aluminum hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich) in 300 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or PBS only (control group). During challenge, mice in the proparacaine (PPC) and ciclesonide (CIC) groups were treated intranasally with CIC at 15 μg/30 μL and PPC at 75 μg/30 μL, respectively, for 7 consecutive days.

• 

  Fig. 2. Nasal symptom score. Rubbing (A) and sneezing (B). AR, allergic rhinitis; CIC, ciclesonide; PPC, proparacaine.

• 

  Fig. 3. Levels of ovalbumin (OVA) specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E (A), OVA-specific IgG1 (B), and OVA-specific IgG2a (C) in the serum. OVA sensitization significantly increased OVA-specific IgE, OVA-specific IgG1, and OVA-specific IgG2, while intranasal treatment with CIC and PPC had no significant effect. AR, allergic rhinitis; CIC, ciclesonide; PPC, proparacaine.

• 

  Fig. 4. Infiltration of eosinophils (arrows) in the nasal mucosa of BALB/c mice: (A) control group, (B) allergic rhinitis (AR) group, (C) ciclesonide (CIC) group, and (D) proparacaine (PPC) group (H&E, ×400). (E) Eosinophil counts in the nasal mucosa of each study group.

• 

  Fig. 5. Infiltration of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa of BALB/c mice: (A) control group, (B) allergic rhinitis (AR) group, (C) ciclesonide (CIC) group, and (D) proparacaine (PPC) group (periodic acid Schiff staining, ×400). (E) Goblet cell counts in the nasal mucosa of each study group.

• 

  Fig. 6. Infiltration of mast cells (arrows) in the nasal mucosa of BALB/c mice: (A) control group, (B) allergic rhinitis (AR) group, (C) ciclesonide (CIC) group, and (D) proparacaine (PPC) group (toluidine blue staining, ×400). (E) Mast cell counts in the nasal mucosa of each study group.

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  Fig. 7. Effect of PPC on serum levels of Th2 cytokines, interleukin-4 (A), interleukin-5 (B). AR, allergic rhinitis; CIC, ciclesonide; PPC, proparacaine.

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  Fig. 8. Serum level of cortisol. There was no significant difference among the groups. AR, allergic rhinitis; CIC, ciclesonide; PPC, proparacaine.

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