Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg.  2017 Mar;39(3):8. 10.1186/s40902-017-0106-4.

Angiogenesis in newly regenerated bone by secretomes of human mesenchymal stem cells

• Katagiri W
• Kawai T
• Osugi M
• Sugimura-Wakayama Y
• Sakaguchi
• Kojima T
• Kobayashi

• KMID: 2376057
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-017-0106-4

Abstract

BACKGROUND
For an effective bone graft for reconstruction of the maxillofacial region, an adequate vascular network will be required to supply blood, osteoprogenitor cells, and growth factors. We previously reported that the secretomes of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) contain numerous growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which can affect the cellular characteristics and behavior of regenerating bone cells. We hypothesized that angiogenesis is an important step for bone regeneration, and VEGF is one of the crucial factors in MSC-CM that would enhance its osteogenic potential. In the present study, we focused on VEGF in MSC-CM and evaluated the angiogenic and osteogenic potentials of MSC-CM for bone regeneration.
METHODS
Cytokines in MSC-CM were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with MSC-CM or MSC-CM with anti-VEGF antibody (MSC-CM + anti-VEGF) for neutralization, and tube formation was evaluated. For the evaluation of bone and blood vessel formation with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and for the histological and immunohistochemical analyses, a rat calvarial bone defect model was used.
RESULTS
The concentrations of IGF-1, VEGF, and TGF-β1 in MSC-CM were 1515.6"‰±"‰211.8 pg/mL, 465.8"‰±"‰108.8 pg/mL, and 339.8"‰±"‰14.4 pg/mL, respectively. Tube formation of HUVECs, bone formation, and blood vessel formation were increased in the MSC-CM group but decreased in the MSC-CM + anti-VEGF group. Histological findings suggested that new bone formation in the entire defect was observed in the MSC-CM group although it was decreased in the MSC-CM + anti-VEGF group. Immunohistochemistry indicated that angiogenesis and migration of endogenous stem cells were much more abundant in the MSC-CM group than in the MSC-CM + anti-VEGF group.
CONCLUSIONS
VEGF is considered a crucial factor in MSC-CM, and MSC-CM is proposed to be an adequate therapeutic agent for bone regeneration with angiogenesis.

Keyword

Secretome; Conditioned medium; Cytokine; Mesenchymal stem cells; Angiogenesis; Bone

MeSH Terms

Animals
Blood Vessels
Bone Regeneration
Culture Media, Conditioned
Cytokines
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Humans*
Immunohistochemistry
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells*
Osteogenesis
Rats
Stem Cells
Transforming Growth Factors
Transplants
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Culture Media, Conditioned
Cytokines
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Transforming Growth Factors
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A