Endocrinol Metab.  2016 Sep;31(3):361-372. 10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.361.

Novel Molecules Regulating Energy Homeostasis: Physiology and Regulation by Macronutrient Intake and Weight Loss

• Gavrieli A
• Mantzoros

• KMID: 2352973
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.361

Abstract

Excess energy intake, without a compensatory increase of energy expenditure, leads to obesity. Several molecules are involved in energy homeostasis regulation and new ones are being discovered constantly. Appetite regulating hormones such as ghrelin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine and amylin or incretins such as the gastric inhibitory polypeptide have been studied extensively while other molecules such as fibroblast growth factor 21, chemerin, irisin, secreted frizzle-related protein-4, total bile acids, and heme oxygenase-1 have been linked to energy homeostasis regulation more recently and the specific role of each one of them has not been fully elucidated. This mini review focuses on the above mentioned molecules and discusses them in relation to their regulation by the macronutrient composition of the diet as well as diet-induced weight loss.

Keyword

Ghrelin; Peptide tyrosine-tyrosine; Islet amyloid polypeptide; Gastric inhibitory polypeptide; Fibroblast growth factor 21; Chemerin; Irisin

MeSH Terms

Appetite
Bile Acids and Salts
Diet
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism
Fibroblast Growth Factors
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
Ghrelin
Heme Oxygenase-1
Homeostasis*
Incretins
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
Obesity
Physiology*
Weight Loss*
Bile Acids and Salts
Fibroblast Growth Factors
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
Ghrelin
Heme Oxygenase-1
Incretins
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

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