J Adv Prosthodont.  2014 Dec;6(6):539-546. 10.4047/jap.2014.6.6.539.

Comparable efficacy of silk fibroin with the collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects

• Kim JY
• Yang BE
• Ahn JH
• Park SO
• Shim HW

• KMID: 2284729
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2014.6.6.539

Abstract

PURPOSE
Silk fibroin (SF) is a new degradable barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) that can reduce the risk of pathogen transmission and the high costs associated with the use of collagen membranes. This study compared the efficacy of SF membranes on GBR with collagen membranes (Bio-Gide(R)) using a rat calvarial defect model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats with two 5 mm-sized circular defects in the calvarial bone were prepared (n=72). The study groups were divided into a control group (no membrane) and two experimental groups (SF membrane and Bio-Gide(R)). Each group of 24 samples was subdivided at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. New bone formation was evaluated using microcomputerized tomography and histological examination.
RESULTS
Bone regeneration was observed in the SF and Bio-Gide(R)-treated groups to a greater extent than in the control group (mean volume of new bone was 5.49 +/- 1.48 mm3 at 8 weeks). There were different patterns of bone regeneration between the SF membrane and the Bio-Gide(R) samples. However, the absolute volume of new bone in the SF membrane-treated group was not significantly different from that in the collagen membrane-treated group at 8 weeks (8.75 +/- 0.80 vs. 8.47 +/- 0.75 mm3, respectively, P=.592).
CONCLUSION
SF membranes successfully enhanced comparable volumes of bone regeneration in calvarial bone defects compared with collagen membranes. Considering the lower cost and lesser risk of infectious transmission from animal tissue, SF membranes are a viable alternative to collagen membranes for GBR.

Keyword

Silk; Bone regeneration; Membranes; Dental implants; Collagen; Guided tissue regeneration

MeSH Terms

Animals
Bone Regeneration*
Collagen*
Dental Implants
Disease Transmission, Infectious
Fibroins*
Guided Tissue Regeneration
Humans
Male
Membranes*
Microcomputers
Osteogenesis
Rats*
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Silk*
Collagen
Dental Implants
Fibroins
Silk

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Rat calvarium showing (A) the bilateral 5 mm-sized bony defects and (B) calvarial defects covered by a silk fibroin membrane.

• 

  Fig. 2 Histological view of calvarial defects at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (original magnification ×40, hematoxylin and eosin stain). (A) photograph of Bio-Gide® membrane treated group at 2 weeks; (B) photograph of silk fibroin membrane treated group at 2 weeks; (C) photograph of control group at 2 weeks; (D) photograph of Bio-Gide® membrane treated group at 4 weeks; (E) photograph of silk fibroin membrane treated group at 4 weeks; (F) photograph of control group at 4 weeks; (G) photograph of Bio-Gide® membrane treated group at 8 weeks; (H) photograph of silk fibroin membrane treated group at 8 weeks; (I) photograph of control group at 8 weeks. BGM: Bio-Gide® membrane, SFM: silk fibroin membrane, OB: old bone, NB: new generating bone, IG: infiltrating growth of fibrotic and epithelial cells.

• 

  Fig. 3 Microcomputerized tomographic image of the region of interest (ROI) in the calvarial defect in the control, silk fibroin membrane-, and Bio-Gide® membrane-treated groups at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The ROI is denoted by the circled area in each image, which shows the amount of new bone generated.

• 

  Fig. 4 Graph of the mean volume (and SD) of new bone formation (in mm3) (y-axis) for the control, Bio-Gide® membrane, and silk fibroin (SF) membrane-treated groups at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery.

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