Korean J Nutr.  2011 Apr;44(2):152-161. 10.4163/kjn.2011.44.2.152.

Secular Trend in Dietary Patterns in a Korean Adult Population, Using the 1998, 2001, and 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Kang M
• Joung H
• Lim JH
• Lee YS
• Song YJ

• KMID: 2268473
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.2.152

Abstract

Koreans have undergone many changes in dietary patterns with economic growth. The purpose of this research was to examine changes in dietary patterns using data from the 1998, 2001, and 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study included 21,525 subjects (8,295 from 1998, 6,880 from 2001, and 6,350 from 2005) who were 20 years or older and who participated in a 24-h diet recall. The percentage energy intake from 22 food groups was calculated, and a cluster analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Two dietary patterns emerged; the first pattern was characterized by high intake of white rice, legumes, vegetables, kimchi, and seaweeds, the so-called "traditional" pattern (53%), whereas the other pattern was characterized by high intake of other grains, noodle dumplings, floured bread, pizza, hamburgers, cereals and snacks, potatoes, sugared sweets, nuts, fruits, meat.its products, eggs, fish, milk and dairy products, oils, beverages and seasoning, or the so-called "modified" pattern. The modified pattern comprised a higher proportion of younger aged, metropolitan residents with more education and higher incomes. However, the gender distribution was not significantly different. The modified pattern had a significantly higher intake of all nutrients except carbohydrates and had a higher proportion of energy from fat and protein. No association with a risk for metabolic syndrome was found for either dietary pattern. After age was standardized, the traditional pattern included 52% of the respondents in 1998, 54% in 2001, and 50% in 2005. However, the modified pattern was significantly more prevalent in the younger age group (20-29 yr), whereas the traditional pattern increased significantly in the older age group (> or = 65 yr). In conclusion, a secular trend was found for dietary pattern by age group, suggesting that it is necessary to monitor the changes in dietary pattern by age group and to develop appropriate dietary education and guidelines.

Keyword

dietary pattern; secular trend; KNHANES; cluster analysis

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Beverages
Bread
Carbohydrates
Cluster Analysis
Dairy Products
Diet
Economic Development
Edible Grain
Eggs
Energy Intake
Fabaceae
Flour
Fruit
Humans
Milk
Nutrition Surveys
Nuts
Oils
Organothiophosphorus Compounds
Ovum
Seasons
Snacks
Solanum tuberosum
Surveys and Questionnaires
Vegetables
Carbohydrates
Oils
Organothiophosphorus Compounds

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Secular trends of dietary patterns over three KNHANES population after age-standardization.

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  Fig. 2 Secular trends of dietary patterns by age groups. *: P from logistic analysis including gender, region, education level, study year, and income as covariates in each age group.

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