Ann Dermatol.  2013 Aug;25(3):304-309. 10.5021/ad.2013.25.3.304.

Effects of Xanthium stramarium and Psoralea corylifolia Extracts Combined with UVA1 Irradiation on the Cell Proliferation and TGF-beta1 Expression of Keloid Fibroblasts

• Park SY
• Park JY
• Kim CH
• Kang SU
• Kim JH
• Bark KM
• Kim TH
• Shin SC
• Kang HY

• KMID: 2265869
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.3.304

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Xanthium stramarium (XAS) and Psoralea corylifolia (PSC), phototoxic oriental medicinal plants, has been used in traditional medicines in Asian countries.
OBJECTIVE
The effects of highly purified XAS or PSC extract combined with ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) irradiation on cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression of the keloid fibroblast were being investigated to define potential therapeutic uses for keloid treatments.
METHODS
The keloid fibroblasts were treated with XAS or PSC alone or in the combination with UVA1 irradiation. The cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of TGF-beta1 and collagen I were investigated.
RESULTS
XAS and PSC in combination with UVA1 irradiation suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts. Furthermore, the XAS and PSC in combination with UVA1 irradiation inhibited TGF-beta1 expression and collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts.
CONCLUSION
These findings may open up the possibility of clinically used XAS or PSC in combination with UVA1 irradiation for keloid treatments.

Keyword

Apoptosis; Keloid; Psoralea corylifolia; Transforming growth factor-beta 1; Xanthium stramarium

MeSH Terms

Apoptosis
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Cell Proliferation
Cell Survival
Collagen
Fibroblasts
Humans
Keloid
Plants, Medicinal
Psoralea
Therapeutic Uses
Transforming Growth Factor beta1
Xanthium
Collagen
Therapeutic Uses
Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Xanthium stramarium (XAS) and Psoralea corylifolia (PSC) in combination with ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) irradiation suppressed cell growth of keloid fibroblasts via apoptosis. (A) Keloid fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts were irradiated with 30 J/cm2 of UVA1. The cell viability was monitored using MTT proliferation assays. UVA1 irradiation showed minimal-cytotoxic to the keloid fibroblasts. On the other hands, the same dose of UVA1 was extremely cytotoxic to the normal fibroblasts compared to the keloid fibroblasts. *p<0.001. Keloid fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of XAS (B) or PSC (C) alone or in combination with UVA1 irradiation (30 J/cm2). Treatment with XAS (50 µg/ml) or PSC (10 µg/ml) in combination with UVA1 irradiation resulted in moderate cell cytotoxicity. Data represent the mean±standard deviation of independent three experiments. #p<0.001, as compared with the control, *p<0.001, when compared with the control treated with UVA1 irradiation. (D) The light microscopic images of the cells treated with XAS (50 µg/ml) or PSC (10 µg/ml) in combination with UVA1 irradiation (×200). (E) The inhibitory effects of the XAS and PSC in combination with UVA1 were better than the effect of psoralen in combination with UVA1. (F) Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and Hoechst 33258 staining (×200). XAS (50 µg/ml) or PSC (10 µg/ml) in combination with UVA1 irradiation increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. The results shown here were reproducible in independent three experiments.

• 

  Fig. 2 Xanthium stramarium (XAS) and Psoralea corylifolia (PSC) in combination with ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) irradiation suppressed transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) expression and collagen I production in keloid fibroblasts. (A) The expression of TGF-β1 was analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). XAS (50 µg/ml) or PSC (10 µg/ml) treatment in combination with UVA1 irradiation inhibited the TGF-β1 expression in the keloid fibroblasts. The inhibitory effects of the XAS and PSC in combination with UVA1 were better than the effects of psoralen in combination with UVA1. #p<0.001, as compared with the control, *p<0.001, when compared with the control treated with UVA1 irradiation. The values represent mean±standard deviation of independent three experiments. (B) Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study also showed that XAS (50 µg/ml) or PSC (10 µg/ml) reduced collagen I and TGF-β1 expression. (C) Western blotting further confirmed the inhibitory actions of XAS or PSC in combination with UVA1 irradiation on collagen I expression.

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