Clin Nutr Res.  2016 Jan;5(1):33-42. 10.7762/cnr.2016.5.1.33.

Fasting Glucose is a Useful Indicator for Cerebrovascular Risk in Non-Diabetic Koreans: Association With Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

• Lee JH
• Yoon SR
• Na GY
• Jun M
• Ahn MR
• Cha JK
• Kim OY

• KMID: 2162593
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7762/cnr.2016.5.1.33

Abstract

Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are associated with incidence of cerebro-/cardio-vascular diseases. This study hypothesized that fasting glycemic status may reflect cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic Koreans. Fasting glycemic status, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were measured in non-diabetic subjects (healthy controls, n = 112 and stroke n = 41). Systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CPR), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were higher, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterols were lower in patients with stroke than healthy controls. Fasting glucose positively correlated with hs-CRP, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde. The significances continued or at least turned to a trend after adjustments for confounding factors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that fasting glucose was mainly associated with cerebrovascular risk (beta'-coefficient = 0.284, p < 0.0001) together with age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, hs-CRP, body mass index, dietary poly unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA), and HbA1C (r2 = 0.634, p = 0.044). The subjects were subdivided by their fasting glucose levels [normal fasting glucose: 70-99 mg/dL, n = 91 [NFG-control] and n = 27 [NFG-stroke]; higher fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dL, n = 21 [HFG-control] and n = 14 [HFG-stroke]). In both controls and stroke patients, HFG groups show higher triglyceride, total- and LDL-cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol than NFG groups. Control-HFG group showed significantly higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation than control-NFG group. Stroke-HFG group also showed significantly higher inflammatory levels than stroke-NFG group, moreover the highest among the groups. Additionally, stroke-NFG group consumed higher PUFA/SFA than stroke-HFG group. Fasting glucose may be a useful indicator for cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic individuals which may be mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation status.

Keyword

Fasting glucose; Oxidative stress; Inflammation; Cerebrovascular risk; Non-diabetes

MeSH Terms

Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
C-Reactive Protein
Cholesterol
Fasting*
Glucose*
Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
Humans
Incidence
Inflammation*
Interleukin-6
Lipoproteins
Malondialdehyde
Oxidative Stress*
Stroke
Triglycerides
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
C-Reactive Protein
Cholesterol
Glucose
Interleukin-6
Lipoproteins
Malondialdehyde
Triglycerides
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Relationship of fasting glucose with oxidative stress and inflammation status. The relationships were tested by Pearson and partial correlation analyses; tested after log-transformation; r0: correlation coefficient (unadjusted), r1: correlation coefficient (adjusted for age and gender), r2: correlation coefficient (adjusted for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index). LDL: low density lipoprotein, MDA-TBARS: malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6: interleukin-6. *p < 0.1; †p < 0.05; ‡p < 0.001, §p < 0.00001.

• 

  Figure 2 Association of fasting glucose and oxidative stress status in control individuals and patients with stroke. Values are presented as means ± standard errors. tested after log-transformation. (n) indicates the number of subjects in each group; tested by a general linear model followed by Bonferroni correction with adjustments for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. NFG: 70-99mg/dL, HFG: 100-125 mg/dL. *p<0.1; †p<0.05; ‡p<0.001, compared with the corresponding NFG control individuals or patients with stroke; §p<0.05, compared with HFG control individuals.

• 

  Figure 3 Association of fasting glucose and inflammation status in control individuals and patients with stroke. Values are presented as means ± standard errors. tested after log transformation. (n) indicates the number of individuals in each group; tested by a general linear model followed by Bonferroni correction with adjustments for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. NFG: 70-99 mg/dL, HFG: 100-125 mg/dL. hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6: interleukin-6, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha. *p<0.05; †p<0.001; compared with the corresponding NFG control individuals or patients with stroke; §p<0.05, compared with NFG control individuals; ‡p<0.05, compared with HFG control individuals.

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