J Korean Soc Biol Psychiatry.
2001 Jun;8(1):62-70.
Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease
Abstract
- Alzheimer's disease(AD) is associated with a characteristic neuropathology. The major hallmarks of AD are senile plaques(SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs). beta-amyloid protein(Abeta) is derived from the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein(APP) and then converted to SPs. Mature SPs produce cytotoxicity through direct toxic effects and activation of microglia and complement. NFTs are composed of paired helical filaments(PHFs) including abnormally phosphorylated form of the microtubule-associated protein(MAP) tau and increased tau level in cerebrospinal fluid may be observed in most AD. The aggregation of Abeta and tau formation are thought to be a final common pathway of AD. Acetycholine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA and their receptors are associated with AD. Especially, decreased nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) in AD are reported. Genetic lesions associated with AD are mutations in the structural genes for the APP located on chromosome 21, presenilin(PSN)1 located on chromosome 14 and PSN2 located on chromosome 1. Also, trisomy 21, Apo-E gene located on chromosome 19, PMF locus, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and alpha-macroglobulin increase risk of AD. In this article, we will review about the neurobioloby of AD and some newly developed research areas.
MeSH Terms
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Acetylcholine
Alzheimer Disease*
Amyloid
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Apolipoproteins E
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
Complement System Proteins
Dopamine
Down Syndrome
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Genetics
Lipoproteins
Microglia
Neurobiology*
Proteolysis
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Amyloid
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Apolipoproteins E
Complement System Proteins
Dopamine
Lipoproteins
Serotonin
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
