Mycobiology.  2012 Jun;40(2):117-123. 10.5941/MYCO.2012.40.2.117.

Inhibitory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Nuruk on Oxidative Stress, Melanogenesis, and Photo-Aging

• Lee SJ
• Cho SW
• Kwon YY
• Kwon HS
• Shin WC

• KMID: 2052900
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2012.40.2.117

Abstract

Nuruk contributes to the unique characteristics of Korean alcoholic beverages. In this study, the effects of nuruk extracts (NE) on anti-oxidant characters, melanogenesis, and anti-photoaging activity were investigated. NEs were obtained from the 70% ethanol extracts of six types of nuruk, which have been used in brewing of fermented alcohol beverages in Korea. First, various antioxidant characteristics were identified in terms of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, and inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. NE#4 exhibited potent ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 19.51 microg/mL). Compared with NE#4, relatively lower levels of activity were observed for NE#3 and NE#6, with IC50 values of 90.99 and 76.88 microg/mL, respectively. According to results of western blot analysis for determination of SOD expression in H2O2-treated HepG2 cells, NE#5 and NE#6 induced a dramatic increase in the expression ratio of SOD, compared to the group treated with H2O2 only. Activity of xanthine oxidase, which converts xanthine into uric acid, generating superoxide ions, was inhibited by NE#4 and NE#6 in a dose-dependent manner. NE#4 induced significant inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity. A reduction in cellular melanin contents of 80% was observed in B16F1 melanocytes treated with NE#5 and NE#6; these effects were similar to those of arbutin at 100 microM. In addition, gelatin zymography and reverse transcription-PCR analysis were performed for assessment of anti-photoaging activity of Nuruk. Treatment with NE#6 resulted in dramatically inhibited activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9, suppressed expression of MMP-1, and increased expression of type-1 procollagen. Results of gelatin zymography for NE#4 and NE#5 were similar, to a slightly lesser degree. These results suggest the potential of NE#4 and NE#6 as natural ingredients for use in functional foods and cosmetics.

Keyword

Anti-oxidant activity; Anti-photoaging; Melanogenesis; Nuruk

MeSH Terms

Agaricales
Alcoholic Beverages
Arbutin
Benzothiazoles
Beverages
Blotting, Western
Cosmetics
Ethanol
Functional Food
Gelatin
Hep G2 Cells
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Ions
Korea
Melanins
Melanocytes
Monophenol Monooxygenase
Oxidative Stress
Procollagen
Sulfonic Acids
Superoxide Dismutase
Superoxides
Uric Acid
Xanthine
Xanthine Oxidase
Arbutin
Benzothiazoles
Cosmetics
Ethanol
Gelatin
Ions
Melanins
Monophenol Monooxygenase
Procollagen
Sulfonic Acids
Superoxide Dismutase
Superoxides
Uric Acid
Xanthine
Xanthine Oxidase