J Korean Med Sci.  2014 Apr;29(4):462-467. 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.4.462.

Clinical Application of Adipose Stem Cells in Plastic Surgery

• Kim YJ
• Jeong JH

• KMID: 1774450
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.4.462

Abstract

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are a type of adult stem cells that share common characteristics with typical mesenchymal stem cells. In the last decade, ASCs have been shown to be a useful cell resource for tissue regeneration. The major role of regenerative medicine in this century is based on cell therapy in which ASCs hold a key position. Active research on this new type of adult stem cell has been ongoing and these cells now have several clinical applications, including fat grafting, overcoming wound healing difficulties, recovery from local tissue ischemia, and scar remodeling. The application of cultured cells will increase the efficiency of cell therapy. However, the use of cultured stem cells is strictly controlled by government regulation to ensure patient safety. Government regulation is a factor that can limit more versatile clinical application of ASCs. In this review, current clinical applications of ASCs in plastic surgery are introduced. Future stem cell applications in clinical field including culturing and banking of ASCs are also discussed in this review.

Keyword

Adult Stem Cells; Adipose Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Stromal Cells; Wound Healing; Regeneration; Adipose Tissue; Ischemia; Tissue Engineering; Cell Therapy

MeSH Terms

Adipose Tissue/*cytology
Cicatrix/prevention & control
Humans
Ischemia/therapy
*Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*cytology
Surgery, Plastic
Tissue Engineering
Wound Healing

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Management of a chronic diabetic ulcer on the knee area using adipose stem cell-based therapy and a collagen sponge. (A) Chronic open wound on the knee area with exposure of the patella bone (before treatment). (B) Adequate size of artificial dermis (Terudermis®) is submerged in cell suspension. (C) Debridement of wound and application of ASC-seeded artificial dermis is placed on the defect and sutured to the adjacent wound margin. (D) Vascular tissue ingrowth is noted after 2 weeks. (E) After removal of the silicone layer of the artificial dermis, a thin split thickness skin graft is placed on the engineered vascular bed. (F) Two weeks after skin graft placement.

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  Fig. 2 ASC-based cell therapy for a case of acute skin necrosis in the nose dorsum due to inadvertent arterial injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler. (A) Before stem cell therapy (seven days after HA filler injection). (B) Three weeks after stem cell therapy.

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  Fig. 3 Adipose stem cells (ASCs) differentiate into microtubules to form capillaries under ischemic conditions.Under ischemic conditions, differentiation of ASCs into micro-vessels is noted at 24 hr. Typical microtubules are formed (×400 magnification).

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