J Korean Med Assoc.  2012 Aug;55(8):757-769. 10.5124/jkma.2012.55.8.757.

Adipose-derived stem cells: characterization and clinical application

• Rhie JW

• KMID: 1435182
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2012.55.8.757

Abstract

Adipose tissue is an ideal tissue to use as an autologous substitute with which to approach tissue deficiency. Clinically, the use of fat grafts and adipose-derived stem cells has dramatically increased worldwide for reconstructive and aesthetic purposes. Human adipose tissue contains a population of pluripotent stem cells capable of differentiating along multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. Adipose tissue is an abundant, expendable, and easily obtained tissue that may prove to be an ideal source of autologous stem cells for regenerating tissues. The recent identification and characterization of multilineage cells from human adipose tissue has been met with a great deal of excitement by the field of tissue engineering. The authors' laboratory has characterized a population of cells obtained from human adipose tissue that have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and neuron-like cells in vitro. This article summarizes the basic study of the adipose tissue as a multipotential stem cell source of tissue engineering techniques that are currently being developed to solve common aesthetic problems.

Keyword

Adipose tissue; Stem cells; Cell transplantation; Differentiation

MeSH Terms

Adipocytes
Adipose Tissue
Cell Lineage
Cell Transplantation
Chondrocytes
Humans
Osteoblasts
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Stem Cells
Tissue Engineering
Transplants

Figure

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  Figure 1 Summary of cycle of human adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) isolation and differentiation for clinical usage. SVF, stromal vascular fraction (From Locke M, et al. ANZ J Surg 2009;79:235-244, according to the Creative Commons Attribution License) [13].

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  Figure 2 Immunophenotype of adipose stem cell. Adipose derived stem cell types (P5) were stained with antibodies against the indicated antigens, and analysed by flow cytometry. Representative histograms are shown as green line and the respective isotype controls are shown as black line (From Dominici M, et al. Cytotherapy 2006;8:315-317, according to the Creative Commons Attribution License) [15].

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  Figure 3 Inverted microscopic finding of adipogenic differentiation from adipose derived stem cell (no stain, ×200). (A) undifferentiated adipose derived stem cell, (B) Differentiated adipose derived stem cell (matured adipocyte).

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  Figure 4 Chondrogenic differentiation from adipose derived stem cell. Alcian blue stain. (A)×100, (B)×400.

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  Figure 5 Inverted microscopic finding of osteogenic differentiation from adipose derived stem cell. Immunehistochemical stain of alkaline phosphatase activity (×100). (A) 2 weeks after cultured in osteogenic media, (B) 4 weeks.

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  Figure 6 Inverted microscopic finding of neurogenic differentiation from adipose derived stem cell (no stain, ×200). (A) No treatment, (B) 3 hours after treatment by induction medium, (C) 24 hours after, (D) 3 days after.

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