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Variant anatomy of the buccal nerve

Patel M, Iwanaga J, Kikuta S, Oskouian R, Tubbs RS

Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the nerves of the oral cavity is important to surgeons who operate this region. Herein, we report a rare case of a buccal...
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Effects of alternate dissection on anatomy learning

Kim DH, Shin DH, Hwang YI

To address the problems associated with crowding in dissection laboratory, especially for dissections of the head and neck region, we adopted an alternate dissection strategy and explored its effects on...
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Clinical anatomy of the maxillary sinus: application to sinus floor augmentation

Iwanaga J, Wilson C, Lachkar S, Tomaszewski KA, Walocha JA, Tubbs RS

The anatomy of the maxillary sinus, especially its vascular anatomy, and its relationships with the teeth and alveolar processes have been well documented. The development of cone-beam computed tomography has...
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The impacts of three-dimensional anatomical atlas on learning anatomy

Park S, Kim Y, Park S, Shin JA

Gross anatomy has traditionally been the foundation of medical education. Medical students have learned the structure of the human body through dissection, lecture, and textbooks. As tablets and three-dimensional (3D)...
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Clinical anatomy of the nerve to the mylohyoid

Choi P, Iwanaga J, Dupont G, Oskouian R, Tubbs RS

The nerve to the mylohyoid (NM) originates from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. The NM provides motor control to the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric....
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Anatomy and variations of digastric muscle

Kim SD, Loukas M

The digastric muscle consists of the anterior belly and the posterior belly connecting the mandible, hyoid bone and temporal bone. Its unique morphology, structure and variations have drawn genuine interests...
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Superficial course of the medial plantar nerve: case report

Koo GB, Lee JH, Jang JH, Song IH, Kim JY

The medial and lateral plantar nerves are branched from the tibial nerve and move to the tip of the toes. A variation of medial plantar nerve was found on the...
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An elongated dorsally curved xiphoid process

Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS

The xiphoid process of the sternum lies in the epigastric region and functions to serve as an attachment point for vital muscles that aid in respiration. With the xiphoid process...
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Unique variation of the left testicular artery passing through a vascular hiatus in renal vein

Padur AA, Kumar N

Surgeons should have a thorough knowledge regarding the morphologic variations of the testicular arteries as any injury to this artery during surgery might cause testicular atrophy. We report in here...
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A large thymic mass with persistent active tissue in an elderly cadaver

Tripathy P, Chaudhary , Gaikwad MR, Britto NJ

Thymus is an encapsulated organ having its bilateral origin from the third pharyngeal pouch. It appears to be a single organ but actually it is bilobed. It attains its maximum...
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A rare bilateral variation on the dorsum of the hand: extensor digitorum brevis manus and extensor medii proprius

Lee DH, Lee JH, Woo RS, Song DY, Baik TK, Yoo HI

A 78-year-old male cadaver showed bilateral anomalous muscles on the dorsum of the hand. An extensor digitorum brevis manus was noted on the dorsum of the right hand. It originated...
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Rare case of median nerve and brachial artery entrapment by an abnormal musculo-fascial tunnel in the arm: possible cause of neurovascular compression syndrome

Kumar N, Padur AA, Prabhu G, Shanthakumar SR, Bhaskar R

Entrapment neuropathies of the peripheral nervous system are frequently encountered due to anatomical variations. Median nerve is the most vulnerable nerve to undergo entrapment neuropathies. The clinical complications are mostly...
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Effects of targeted remediation in anatomy for first year medical students

Shankar N, Ravindranath Y, Ravindranath R, Shah H

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a questionnaire to guide targeted remediation among undergraduate medical students in anatomy. Seventy-five students from a medical college in...
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Gross age-related changes and diseases in human heart valves

Gumpangseth T, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S

Cardiac valves are highly complex structures optimizing their function during the cardiac cycle. They open and close directed by blood flow under different pressure conditions in the dynamic environment in...
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Clinical importance of tensor fasciae suralis arising from linea aspera along with short head of biceps femoris: a rare anomaly

George BM, Nayak SB, Marpalli S

Tensor fasciae suralis, also known as ischioaponeuroticus is a clinically relevant muscle variant located in the popliteal fossa. Though rare, when present the muscle may arise from any of the...
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Report of an inferior rectal nerve variant arising from the S3 ventral ramus

Dupont G, Iwanaga J, Oskouian R, Tubbs RS

In surgical approaches to the perineum in general and anal region specifically, considering the possible variations of the inferior rectal nerve is important for the surgeon. Normally, the inferior rectal...
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Anatomical variations in the cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of the foot

Nayak VS, Bhat N, Nayak SS, Sumalatha

Generally among the branches of common peroneal nerve, the superficial peroneal nerve provides cutaneous innervation to major part of the dorsum of the foot whereas the deep peroneal nerve innervates...
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Morphological classification of the moderator band and its relationship with the anterior papillary muscle

Lee JY, Hur MS

This study investigated and classified the various types of moderator band (MB) in relation to the anterior papillary muscle, with the aim of providing anatomical reference information and fundamental knowledge...
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Nerve distribution in myocardium including the atrial and ventricular septa in late stage human fetuses

Cho KH, Kim JH, Murakami G, Abe H, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Chai OH

Few information had been reported on deep intracardiac nerves in the myocardium of late human fetuses such as nerves at the atrial-pulmonary vein junction and in the atrial and ventricular...
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Magnetic resonance angiography of hypoplastic A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery at 3.0-Tesla in Andhra Pradesh population of India

Pentyala S, Sankar KD, Bhanu PS, Kumar NS

Pre-communicating or A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (A1ACA) hypoplasia can negotiate the anterior cerebral circulation. Not many studies have been examined the association of hypoplastic A1ACA and cerebral ischemic...
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