Clin Exp Emerg Med.  2019 Jun;6(2):125-137. 10.15441/ceem.18.019.

Exploratory, cognitive, and depressive-like behaviors in adult and pediatric mice exposed to controlled cortical impact

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea. nichekh2000@chungbuk.ac.kr
  • 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
  • 3Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Chungbuk Health & Science University, Cheongju, Korea.
  • 4Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.

Abstract


OBJECTIVE
Sequelae of behavioral impairments associated with human traumatic brain injury (TBI) include neurobehavioral problems. We compared exploratory, cognitive, and depressive-like behaviors in pediatric and adult male mice exposed to controlled cortical impact (CCI).
METHODS
Pediatric (21 to 25 days old) and adult (8 to 12 weeks old) male C57Bl/6 mice underwent CCI at a 2-mm depth of deflection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed 3 to 7 days after recovery from CCI, and injury volume was analyzed using ImageJ. Neurobehavioral characterization after CCI was performed using the Barnes maze test (BMT), passive avoidance test, open-field test, light/dark test, tail suspension test, and rotarod test. Acutely and subacutely (3 and 7 days after CCI, respectively), CCI mice showed graded injury compared to sham mice for all analyzed deflection depths.
RESULTS
Time-dependent differences in injury volume were noted between 3 and 7 days following 2-mm TBI in adult mice. In the BMT, 2-mm TBI adults showed spatial memory deficits compared to sham adults (P < 0.05). However, no difference in spatial learning and memory was found between sham and 2-mm CCI groups among pediatric mice. The open-field test, light/dark test, and tail suspension test did not reveal differences in anxiety-like behaviors in both age groups.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed a graded injury response in both age groups. The BMT was an efficient cognitive test for assessing spatial/non-spatial learning following CCI in adult mice; however, spatial learning impairments in pediatric mice could not be assessed.

Keyword

Brain injuries, traumatic; Controlled cortical impact; Age difference; Neurobehavioral differences

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Animals
Brain Injuries
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
Hematoxylin
Hindlimb Suspension
Humans
Learning
Male
Memory
Mice*
Rotarod Performance Test
Spatial Learning
Spatial Memory
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
Hematoxylin
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