J Vet Sci.  2019 Jan;20(1):72-78. 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.1.72.

Effects of irradiation and leukoreduction on down-regulation of CXCL-8 and storage lesion in stored canine whole blood

• Yang H
• Kim W
• Bae J
• Kim H
• Kim S
• Choi J
• Park J
• Jung DI
• Koh H
• Yu D

• KMID: 2434780
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2019.20.1.72

Abstract

White blood cells (WBCs) and storage period are the main factors of transfusion reactions. In the present study, cytokine/chemokine concentrations after leukoreduction (LR) and irradiation (IR) in stored canine whole blood were measured. Red blood cell storage lesion caused by IR and LR were also compared. Blood samples from 10 healthy Beagles were divided into four groups (no treatment, LR-, IR-, and LR + IR-treated). Leukocytes were removed by filtration in the LR group and gamma radiation (25 Gy) was applied in the IR group. Immunologic factors (WBCs, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL-8], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and storage lesion factors (blood pH, potassium, and hemolysis) were evaluated on storage days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Compared to the treated groups, IL-6 and CXCL-8 concentrations during storage were significantly higher in the control (no treatment) group. LR did not show changes in cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and storage lesion presence was relatively mild. IR significantly increased CXCL-8 after 14 days of storage, but IR of leukoreduced blood did not increase CXCL-8 during 28 days of storage. Storage lesions such as hemolysis, increased potassium, and low pH were observed 7 days after IR and storage of blood, regardless of LR. IR of leukoreduced blood is beneficial to avoid immune reactions; however, storage lesions should be considered upon storage.

Keyword

Blood preservation; Irradiation; Leukocyte reduction procedures; Transfusion; Cytokine

MeSH Terms

Blood Preservation
Down-Regulation*
Erythrocytes
Filtration
Gamma Rays
Hemolysis
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Immunologic Factors
Interleukin-6
Leukocyte Reduction Procedures
Leukocytes
Necrosis
Potassium
Transfusion Reaction
Immunologic Factors
Interleukin-6
Potassium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Variations in mean interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (n = 10) during storage. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Note that the minimum scale of the y-axis is the detection limit of the assay (62.5 pg/mL). LR, leukoreduction; IR, irradiation. *Significant difference between control and LR + IR at each storage time (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 2 Variations in mean C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL-8) concentrations (n = 10) during storage. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The y-axis of the mean concentration is divided into two sections. Note that the minimum scale of the y-axis is the detection limit of the assay (15.6 pg/mL). LR, leukoreduction; IR, irradiation. *Significant difference between control and LR at indicated storage times (p < 0.05); †Significant difference between IR and control at each storage time (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 3 Visual observation of hemolysis during storage. The samples bounded by the blue, green, yellow, and purple border are the control samples, leukoreduced (LR) samples, irradiated (IR) samples, and leukoreduced and irradiated (LR + IR) samples, respectively. The numbers represent the days of storage.

• 

  Fig. 4 Variations in mean potassium values (n = 10) during storage. Data are presented as mean ± SD. LR, leukoreduction; IR, irradiation. *LR group was significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05); †IR group was significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 5 Variations in mean pH (n = 10) during storage. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The pH of the IR group was less than the detectable limit (pH 6.5) after 7 days. The pH values of the control and LR + IR groups were less than the detectable limit (pH 6.5) after 21 days. LR, leukoreduction; IR, irradiation. *LR group was significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05); †IR group was significantly different from the other groups (p < 0.05).

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