Nutr Res Pract.  2019 Feb;13(1):11-16. 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.1.11.

Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) berry reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels in mice

• Kim JI
• Baek HJ
• Han DW
• Yun JA

• KMID: 2434071
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2019.13.1.11

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia should be controlled to avoid complications of diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the effects of autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) berry (AOB) on fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in mice.
MATERIALS/METHODS
In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of AOB was determined. Maltose solution (2 g/kg) with and without AOB extract at 500 mg/kg or acarbose at 50 mg/kg was orally administered to normal mice after overnight fasting and glucose levels were measured. To study the effects of chronic consumption of AOB, db/db mice received the basal diet or a diet containing AOB extract at 0.4% or 0.8%, or acarbose at 0.04% for 7 weeks. Blood glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose and insulin levels were measured. Expression of adiponectin protein in epididymal white adipose tissue was determined by Western blotting.
RESULTS
In vitro inhibitory effect of AOB extract on α-glucosidase was 92% as strong as that of acarbose. The AOB extract (500 mg/kg) or acarbose (50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the postprandial rise of blood glucose after maltose challenge and the area under the glycemic response curve in normal mice. The AOB extract at 0.4% or 0.8% of diet or acarbose at 0.04% of diet significantly lowered levels of serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values in db/db mice. The expression of adiponectin protein in adipose tissue was significantly elevated by the consumption of AOB at 0.8% of diet.
CONCLUSIONS
Autumn olive (E. umbellata Thunb.) berry may reduce postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting α-glucosidase in normal mice. Chronic consumption of AOB may alleviate fasting hyperglycemia in db/db mice partly by inhibiting α-glucosidase and upregulating adiponectin expression.

Keyword

Elaeagnus umbellata; α-glucosidase; glycated hemoglobin; adiponectin; diabetes mellitus

MeSH Terms

Acarbose
Adiponectin
Adipose Tissue
Adipose Tissue, White
Animals
Blood Glucose
Blotting, Western
Diabetes Complications
Diabetes Mellitus
Diet
Fasting*
Fruit*
Glucose*
Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
Homeostasis
Hyperglycemia
In Vitro Techniques
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Maltose
Mice*
Olea*
Acarbose
Adiponectin
Blood Glucose
Glucose
Insulin
Maltose

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Inhibitory activity of autumn olive berry against yeast α-glucosidase.The inhibitory activities of the ethanol extract of autumn olive berry (AOB) and acarbose were measured at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Values represent Means±SE of triplicate measurements.

• 

  Fig. 2 Increase in blood glucose after administration of extract of autumn olive berry in normal mice.(A) Incremental blood glucose levels. (B) Areas under the glucose response curves. Control group (●): Maltose (2 g/kg) was administered orally to normal mice after an overnight fast. AOB group (□): Maltose (2 g/kg) with extract of autumn olive berry (500 mg/kg) was administered to mice after an overnight fast. Acarbose group (▲): Maltose (2 g/kg) with acarbose (50 mg/kg) was administered to mice after an overnight fast. Values represent Means±SE (n = 7). (A) Means that do not share a common letter are significantly different at P < 0.05 (*) or P < 0.01 (**). (B) Bars that do not share a common letter are significantly different at P < 0.05 (*) or P < 0.01 (**).

• 

  Fig. 3 Expression of adiponectin protein in the epididymal adipose tissue in db/db mice measured by Western blotting.Groups are the same as in Table 1. A representative image of the experiments is shown in the upper panel. The lower panel shows the relative expression normalized to the protein expression levels of β-actin. Values represent Means±SE (n = 7). Bars that do not share a common letter are significantly different at P < 0.05.

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