Kidney Res Clin Pract.  2015 Dec;34(4):194-200. 10.1016/j.krcp.2015.10.004.

Physiology and pathophysiology of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the kidney

• Norregaard R
• Kwon TH
• Frokiaer J

• KMID: 2381543
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.krcp.2015.10.004

Abstract

The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system is the major pathway catalyzing the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PGs). PGs are lipid mediators implicated in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney, including renal hemodynamics, body water and sodium balance, and the inflammatory injury characteristic in multiple renal diseases. Since the beginning of 1990s, it has been confirmed that COX exists in 2 isoforms, referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Even though the 2 enzymes are similar in size and structure, COX-1 and COX-2 are regulated by different systems and have different functional roles. This review summarizes the current data on renal expression of the 2 COX isoforms and highlights mainly the role of COX-2 and PGE2 in several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney.

Keyword

Acute kidney injury; Cyclooxygenase; Obstructive nephropathy; Prostaglandin E2; Water balance

MeSH Terms

Acute Kidney Injury
Arachidonic Acid
Body Water
Cyclooxygenase 2*
Dinoprostone*
Hemodynamics
Kidney*
Physiology*
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
Prostaglandins
Protein Isoforms
Sodium
Arachidonic Acid
Cyclooxygenase 2
Dinoprostone
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
Prostaglandins
Protein Isoforms
Sodium