Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.  2016 Dec;9(4):309-313. 10.21053/ceo.2015.01032.

The Effect of Garlic Derivatives (S-Allylmercaptocysteine, Diallyl Disulfide, and S-Allylcysteine) on Gentamicin Induced Ototoxicity: An Experimental Study

• Uzun L
• Kokten N
• Cam OH
• Kalcioglu
• Ugur MB
• Tekin M
• Acar GO

• KMID: 2360760
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2015.01032

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Gentamicin is a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the main side effects which restrict the use of gentamicin. Garlic with its intrinsic antioxidant activity may prove beneficial in prevention from ototoxicity. S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulfide (DD), and S-allylcysteine (SAC) are three active compounds found in garlic. In this study, we investigated the effect of SAMC, DD, and SAC on the ototoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats, by using brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA).
METHODS
Thirty male Wistar rats with intact Preyer's reflex initially weighing 220-260 g were randomly assigned to either the gentamicin injection with SAMC treatment group (Genta-w SAMC), DD treatment group (Genta-w DD), SAC treatment group (Genta-w SAC), gentamicin injection without any active compounds (AC) treatment groups (Genta-w/o AC), or control group (n=6 rats each group). Gentamicin was given 120-mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally once daily for 25 days to subjects in all groups except the control group. SAMC 100-mg/kg, and DD 50-mg/kg body weight were given intragastrically, and SAC 250-mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneally once daily to subjects in Genta-w SAMC, and Genta-w DD, and Genta-w SAC groups, respectively during the study. After 25 days hearing thresholds were evaluated by using BERA test.
RESULTS
The mean amplitude of auditory thresholds (sensation level [SL]) measured by using BERA for the Genta-w SAMC, Genta-w DD, Genta-w SAC, Genta-w/o AC, and control groups were 22±8, 25±5, 30±9, 54±11, and 10±7 dB SL, respectively (mean±SD). The differences between every active compound group (Genta-w SAMC, Genta-w DD, and Genta-w SAC) and Genta-w/o AC were statistically significant (P<0.016).
CONCLUSION
SAMC, DD, and SAC are derivative of garlic seems to attenuate aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. The effect of SAMC and DD seems to be more prominent than that of SAC.

Keyword

Gentamicin; S-allylmercaptocysteine; Diallyl Disulfide; S-allylcysteine; Drug Toxicity

MeSH Terms

Animals
Audiometry, Evoked Response
Auditory Threshold
Body Weight
Brain Stem
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Garlic*
Gentamicins*
Hearing
Hearing Loss
Humans
Male
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Reflex
Gentamicins

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. The mean amplitude of auditory thresholds (sensation level) measured by using brainstem evoked response audiometry for the control, Genta-w SAMC, Genta-w DD, Genta-w SAC, and Genta-w/o AC groups. Genta-w SAMC, gentamicin injection with S-allylmercaptocysteine; Genta-w DD, gentamicin injection with diallyl disulfide; Genta-w SAC, gentamicin injection with S-allylcysteine; Gentaw/o AC, gentamicin injection without any active compounds (SAMC, DD, and SAC) of garlic.

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