Restor Dent Endod.  2016 Aug;41(3):167-175. 10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.167.

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of Zirconia (Y-TZP) posts with various dental cements

• Shin H
• Ko H
• Kim M

• KMID: 2346764
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2016.41.3.167

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Endodontically treated teeth with insufficient tooth structure are often restored with esthetic restorations. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biological effects of yttria partially stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) blocks in combination with several dental cements.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pairs of zirconia cylinders with medium alone or cemented with three types of dental cement including RelyX U200 (3M ESPE), FujiCEM 2 (GC), and Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray) were incubated in medium for 14 days. The cytotoxicity of each supernatant was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on L929 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and IL-6 protein was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The MTT assays showed that MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were more susceptible to dental cements than L929 fibroblasts. The resin based dental cements increased IL-6 expression in L929 cells, but reduced IL-6 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.
CONCLUSIONS
Zirconia alone or blocks cemented with dental cement showed acceptable biocompatibilities. The results showed resin-modified glass-ionomer based cement less produced inflammatory cytokines than other self-adhesive resin-based cements. Furthermore, osteoblasts were more susceptible than fibroblasts to the biological effects of dental cement.

Keyword

Biocompatibility; Cytotoxicity; Resin cement; Zirconia

MeSH Terms

Cytokines
Dental Cements*
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Fibroblasts
Interleukin-6
Osteoblasts
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Resin Cements
Reverse Transcription
RNA, Messenger
Tooth
Cytokines
Dental Cements
Interleukin-6
RNA, Messenger
Resin Cements

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Effects of zirconia with or without an intermediate cement layer on the viability of (a) L929 and (b) MC3T3-E1 cells measured by MTT assays. Groups with the same lower case letters did not differ significantly on those days. *Significant difference from the negative control group at each time period, according to Tukey tests. Error bars mean ± 1.0 standard deviations. MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; OD, optical density; CTR, Group 1, negative control; ZR, Group 2, positive control; ZR + RU, Group 3, zirconia with RelyX U200; ZR + FU, Group 4, zirconia with FujiCEM 2; ZR + PF, Group 5, zirconia with Panavia F 2.

• 

  Figure 2 Effects of zirconia with or without an intermediate cement layer on IL-6 expression by (a) L929 and (b) MC3T3-E1 cells. The graphs in (c) and (d) show the densitometric quantification of protein expression of the bands shown in (a) and (b). The results are presented as fold increases relative to control. The graphs in e and f present ELISA results. *Significant difference from the negative control group at each time period, according to Tukey tests. Different lower case letters indicate significant between group differences. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL, interleukin-6; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; CTR, Group 1, negative control; ZR, Group 2, positive control; ZR + RU, Group 3, zirconia with RelyX U200; ZR + FU, Group 4, zirconia with FujiCEM 2; ZR + PF, Group 5, zirconia with Panavia F 2.0.

• 

  Figure 3 Fluorescent staining of (a) L929 and (b) MC3T3-E1 cells treated with medium only (CTR) or the supernatant of each test group (ZR, ZR + RU, ZR + FU, and ZR + PF). Rows represent cells stained with DAPI, rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin, and both after three days in culture. Cells exposed to FujiCEM 2 (ZR + FU) showed very similar cell densities with control groups in DAPI staining, and the cells were as undamaged as in the control group. In contrast, a few of the nuclei of the RelyX U200 (ZR + RU) and Panavia F 2.0 (ZR + PF) extract-treated cells remarkably decreased in cell numbers. Damaged cells showed flat and thin shapes. CTR, negative control; ZR, positive control; ZR + RU, zirconia with RelyX U200; ZR + FU, zirconia with FujiCEM 2; ZR + PF, zirconia with Panavia F 2.0, DAPI, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.

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