Nutr Res Pract.  2016 Jun;10(3):282-287. 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.3.282.

Fermentation of purple Jerusalem artichoke extract to improve the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect in vitro and ameliorate blood glucose in db/db mice

• Wang Z
• Hwang SH
• Lee SY
• Lim SS

• KMID: 2342130
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2016.10.3.282

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Jerusalem artichoke has inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and decreases fasting serum glucose levels, which may be related to its fructan content. The biological activity of fructan can be influenced by the degree of polymerization. Thus, in this study, the inhibitory effects of original and fermented purple Jerusalem artichoke (PJA) on α-glucosidase were compared in vitro. Additionally, the anti-diabetes effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented PJA (LJA) was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db).
MATERIALS/METHODS
The water extract of PJA was fermented by L. plantarum, and two strains of Bacillus subtilis to compare their anti-α-glucosidase activities in vitro by α-glucosidase assays. The anti-diabetes effect of LJA was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db) for seven weeks. During the experiment, food intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. At the end of the treatment period, several diabetic parameters and the intestinal α-glucosidase activity were measured.
RESULTS
The LJA showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. In the in vivo study, it resulted in a significantly lower blood glucose concentration than the control. Serum insulin and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher and the concentrations of triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol were significant lower in mice treated with LJA after seven weeks. In addition, the intestinal α-glucosidase activity was partially inhibited.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested that LJA regulates blood glucose and has potential use as a dietary supplement.

Keyword

α-Glucosidase; diabetes mellitus; jerusalem artichoke; Lactobacillus plantarum; fructan

MeSH Terms

Animals
Bacillus subtilis
Blood Glucose*
Body Weight
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, HDL
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Dietary Supplements
Eating
Fasting
Fatty Acids
Fermentation*
Helianthus*
In Vitro Techniques*
Insulin
Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus plantarum
Mice*
Models, Animal
Polymerization
Polymers
Triglycerides
Water
Blood Glucose
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, HDL
Fatty Acids
Insulin
Polymers
Triglycerides
Water

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Thin-layer chromatograms (TLC) of purple Jerusalem artichoke before and after fermentation. The TLC elution solvent was acetonitrile and water (7:3, v/v). (A) Visualized by aniline and diphenylamine solution; (B) visualized by sulfuric acid solution. "1" is purple Jerusalem artichoke; "2" is purple Jerusalem artichoke hydrolyzed by Lactobacillus plantarum; "3" is purple Jerusalem artichoke hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis; "4" is purple Jerusalem artichoke hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis produced by S&D; Co.Ltd, Chuncheon, Korea, "5" is glucose standard; "6" is fructose standard.

• 

  Fig. 2 Oral glucose tolerance tests (A) after 12 h of food deprivation in db/db mice. (B) Area under the blood-glucose concentration curve was measured over 120 min (AUC-120 min). Values represent means ± SE (n = 10). "Lean" represents normal mice fed starch 1 g/kg of body weight; "Con" represents diabetic mice fed starch 1 g/kg of body weight; "LJA 200" represents diabetic mice fed starch 1 g/kg and LJA 200 mg/kg of body weight; "LJA 400" represents diabetic mice fed starch 1 g/kg and LJA 400 mg/kg of body weight; "AB 60" represents diabetic mice fed starch 1 g/kg and acarbose 60 mg/kg of body weight. * P < 0.05 vs. Con; ** P < 0.01 vs. Con; *** P < 0.001.

• 

  Fig. 3 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-hydrolyzed Jerusalem artichoke on fasting blood glucose levels in db/db mice. Values represent means ± SE (n = 10). "Lean" represents normal mice; "Con" represents diabetic mice; "LJA" represents diabetic mice fed LJA (1.5 g/kg of diet); "AB" represents diabetic mice fed acarbose (0.5 g/kg of diet). Different letters in same week indicate significant differences, P < 0.05. * P < 0.05 vs. Con; *** P < 0.001.

• 

  Fig. 4 Disaccharidase activities in the small intestines of LJA-administered db/db mice. Values represent means ± SE (n = 10). "Lean" represents normal mice; "Con" represents diabetic mice; "LJA" represents diabetic mice fed LJA (1.5 g/kg of diet); "AB" represents diabetic mice fed acarbose (0.5 g/kg of diet). Different letters in the same group indicate significant differences, P < 0.05.

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