Restor Dent Endod.  2015 Feb;40(1):50-57. 10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.50.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Ferula gummosa plant essential oil compared to NaOCl and CHX: a preliminary in vitro study

• Abbaszadegan A
• Gholami A
• Mirhadi H
• Saliminasab M
• Kazemi A
• Moein MR

• KMID: 2316924
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2015.40.1.50

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The usage of medicinal plants as natural antimicrobial agents has grown in many fields including dental medicine. The aim of this in vitro study was three-fold: (i) to determine the chemical compositions of the Ferula gummosa essential oil (FGEO), (ii) to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of the oil with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX), (iii) to assess the toxic behavior of FGEO in different concentrations compared to 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the chemical compositions of the oil. The disk diffusion method and a broth micro-dilution susceptibility assay were exploited to assess the antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, and Candida albicans. The cytocompatibility of the FGEO was assessed on L929 fibroblasts, and compared to that of NaOCl and CHX.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven constituents were recognized in FGEO. The major component of the oil was beta-pinene (51.83%). All three irrigants significantly inhibited the growth of all examined microorganisms compared to the negative control group. FGEO at 50 microg/mL was effective in lower concentration against Enterococcus faecalis than 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX, and was also more potent than 0.2% CHX against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. FGEO was a cytocompatible solution, and had significantly lower toxicity compared to 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX.
CONCLUSIONS
FGEO showed a promising biological potency as a root canal disinfectant. More investigations are required on the effectiveness of this oil on intracanal bacterial biofilms.

Keyword

Antimicrobial activity; Chlorhexidine; Cytocompatibility; Ferula gummosa; Root canal irrigant; Sodium hypochlorite

MeSH Terms

Anti-Infective Agents
Biofilms
Candida albicans
Chlorhexidine
Dental Pulp Cavity
Diffusion
Enterococcus faecalis
Ferula*
Fibroblasts
Plants*
Plants, Medicinal
Sodium Hypochlorite
Spectrum Analysis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus mitis
Anti-Infective Agents
Chlorhexidine
Sodium Hypochlorite

Figure

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  Figure 1 Mean viability (%) of the L929 fibroblasts when treated with different concentrations of Ferula gummosa essential oil (FGEO), 5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX solutions. Equal letter denotes lack of statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The negative control group did not include in the statistical analyses. NaOCl, sodium hypochlorite; CHX, chlorhexidine.

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