Nutr Res Pract.  2015 Feb;9(1):37-42. 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.37.

Lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective effects of Vitis vinifera dried seeds on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

• Madi Almajwal A
• Farouk Elsadek M

• KMID: 2313807
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.37

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Red grape seeds as functional food are a good source of important bioactive components such as phenolics and antioxidants, which decrease oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the protective effect of red grape dried seeds (RGDS) on antioxidant properties, lipid metabolism, and liver and kidney functions of rats with paracetamol (750 mg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity.
MATERIALS/METHODS
RGDS was added to the basal diet at 5, 10, and 20%. Thirty five adult male rats were assigned to five groups (n = 7) for a six-week feeding period; group (1) normal control, group (2) induced control, groups (3, 4, and 5) fed a diet with RGPS at different levels, 5, 10, and 20%, respectively. At the end of the feeding period, animals' blood and tissues were collected for estimation of serum lipid profile, serum liver, and kidney biomarkers. The protection was measured by detecting lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) (in liver tissues), and liver histological examination.
RESULTS
The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), with a significant increase in level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) for RGDS groups compared to induced control. Rats administered a diet containing RGDS levels produced significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotection by decreasing the activities of liver enzymes, kidney parameters, and lipid peroxidation, while levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT were increased significantly to near the normal levels.
CONCLUSION
The RGDS 20% group was more effective than others against hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which may be attributed to RGDS total phenols and antioxidant contents, which were 1.438 mg and 1.231 mg, respectively.

Keyword

Paracetamol; hepatotoxicity; lipid profiles; grape seeds; rats

MeSH Terms

Acetaminophen
Adult
Animals
Antioxidants
Biomarkers
Catalase
Cats
Cholesterol
Diet
Functional Food
Glutathione
Humans
Kidney
Lipid Metabolism
Lipid Peroxidation
Lipoproteins
Liver
Male
Oxidative Stress
Phenol
Phenols
Rats*
Superoxide Dismutase
Triglycerides
Vitis*
Acetaminophen
Antioxidants
Catalase
Cholesterol
Glutathione
Lipoproteins
Phenol
Phenols
Superoxide Dismutase
Triglycerides

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Effect of red grape dried seeds (RGDS) by different levels on histopathological examination of liver of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. (A) Microscopic examination of liver of rat in the normal control group, showing the normal histological structure. (B) Microscopic examination of liver of paracetamol-induced control showing marked hepatocyte hydropic degeneration and portal tract with chronic inflammatory cells. (C) Microscopic examination of liver of rats fed a diet containing RGDS 5% showing vacuolar degeneration of focal hepatocytes associated with histological alteration. (D) Microscopic examination of liver of rats fed a diet containing RGDS 10% showing hepatocellular vacuolization with mild histological structure.

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