Nutr Res Pract.  2010 Apr;4(2):114-120.

Effects of grape pomace on the antioxidant defense system in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits

• Choi CS
• Chung HK
• Choi MK
• Kang MH

Abstract

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing H2O2 that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

Keyword

Glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; grape pomace; malondialdehyde; rabbit

MeSH Terms

Animals
Antioxidants
Catalase
Cats
Cholesterol
Diet
Glutathione
Glutathione Disulfide
Glutathione Peroxidase
Grape Seed Extract
Hypercholesterolemia
Lipid Peroxidation
Liver
Malondialdehyde
Oxidative Stress
Rabbits
Seeds
Vitis
Antioxidants
Catalase
Cholesterol
Glutathione
Glutathione Disulfide
Glutathione Peroxidase
Grape Seed Extract
Malondialdehyde

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The change of rabbit's body weight for experimental period. (-○- NOR : Normal diet, -△- CHOL : 1% cholesterol diet, -◆- GSE : 1% cholesterol + 0.2% grape seed extract diet , -□- GPE : 1% cholesterol + 0.2% grape peel extract diet, -×- GSP : 1% cholesterol + 10% grape seed powder diet, -●- GPP : 1% cholesterol + 10% grape peel powder diet, -◇- GE : 1% cholesterol + 0.1% grape seed extract + 0.1% grape peel extract diet,, -■- GP : 1% cholesterol + 5% grape seed powder + 5% grape peel powder diet)

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