J Dent Anesth Pain Med.  2016 Mar;16(1):25-29. 10.17245/jdapm.2016.16.1.25.

Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a premedication for pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for dental treatment

• Lee Y
• Kim J
• Kim S
• Kim J

• KMID: 2308762
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2016.16.1.25

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The most important reason for pre-operative administration of medication is to reduce anxiety. Alleviation of fear and anxiety about surgery enables patients to remain comfortable during treatment. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a fast-acting drug that is used as a premedication in different circumstances because it has sedative and anti-anxiolytic effects, and stable hemodynamics. It also has the advantage of intranasal administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and hemodynamic stability of DEX by retrospectively analyzing cases in which DEX was administered nasally as a premedication.
METHODS
Ten patients treated at Dankook University Dental Hospital, recruited between February and April 2015, received intranasal delivery of 2 µg/kg DEX, 30 minutes prior to general anesthesia. Anesthesia records of anxiety, blood pressure, respiration, pulse, estimated arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and partial pressure, or maximum concentration, of carbon dioxide (ETCO2) were analyzed.
RESULTS
Administration of DEX prior to a general anesthetic effectively relieved anxiety. Respiratory depression, the most severe adverse effect of other sedatives, was not observed. Hemodynamic stability under general anesthesia was maintained during treatment and a reduction in emergence delirium was observed upon completion of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Premedication administration of DEX is safe for pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia.

Keyword

Dexmedetomidine; Intranasal; Premedication

MeSH Terms

Administration, Intranasal*
Anesthesia
Anesthesia, General*
Anesthetics
Anxiety
Blood Pressure
Carbon Dioxide
Delirium
Dexmedetomidine*
Hemodynamics
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Oxygen
Partial Pressure
Premedication*
Respiration
Respiratory Insufficiency
Retrospective Studies
Anesthetics
Carbon Dioxide
Dexmedetomidine
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Oxygen

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Intranasal spray(LMA MAD Nasal™, Wolfe Tory Medical Inc., USA).

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  Fig. 2 Intranasal administration using an intranasal spray.

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