J Breast Cancer.  2012 Sep;15(3):306-312. 10.4048/jbc.2012.15.3.306.

Impact of Breast Cancer and Combination Chemotherapy on Oxidative Stress, Hepatic and Cardiac Markers

• Amin KA
• Mohamed BM
• El-Wakil M
• Ibrahem SO

• KMID: 2286456
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2012.15.3.306

Abstract

PURPOSE
Carcinoma of the breast is the most prevalent cancer among Egyptian women and constitutes 29% of National Cancer Institute cases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breast cancer on oxidative stress, cardiac markers and liver function tests, moreover the role of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) in the treatment of breast cancer and its mechanism through changing the measured markers.
METHODS
Forty female breast cancer patients who were admitted to the Department of Oncology of the Beni-Suef University Hospital were enrolled in the study. This study included three arms: a control group of healthy age-matched females (n=20), breast cancer patients who weren't receiving treatment (n=20), and patients undergoing treatment with anticancer combination drugs FAC (n=20). Blood samples collected from the control subjects and patients were analysed to determine levels of catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), and creatinine.
RESULTS
The levels of catalase and GSH were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in breast carcinoma and FAC treated breast cancer patients. The lipid peroxidation and NO levels were significantly enhanced in both untreated and FAC treated breast cancer patients. The CK and LDH were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in the FAC group.
CONCLUSION
The results from the present study show that oxidative stress is implicated in breast carcinoma and chemotherapy aggravates this oxidative stress which causes damage to many cellular targets and has the main side effect of cardiotoxicity.

Keyword

Breast neoplasms; Cardiac function; Chemotherapy; Liver function; Oxidative stress

MeSH Terms

Aspartic Acid
Breast
Breast Neoplasms
Catalase
Creatine Kinase
Cyclophosphamide
Doxorubicin
Drug Therapy, Combination
Female
Fluorouracil
Glutathione
Humans
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
Lipid Peroxidation
Liver
Liver Function Tests
Malondialdehyde
National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Nitric Oxide
Oxidative Stress
Uric Acid
Aspartic Acid
Catalase
Creatine Kinase
Cyclophosphamide
Doxorubicin
Fluorouracil
Glutathione
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
Malondialdehyde
Nitric Oxide
Uric Acid

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the control group, breast cancer patients before treatment and chemotherapy treated groups. FAC=5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. *Significantly different from the control group; †Significantly different from the breast cancer patients before chemotherapy group.

• 

  Figure 2 The nitric oxide concentration in the control group, breast cancer patients before treatment and chemotherapy treated groups. FAC=5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. *Significantly different from the control group; †Significantly different from the breast cancer patients before chemotherapy group.

• 

  Figure 3 The reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in the control group, breast cancer patients before treatment and chemotherapy treated groups. FAC=5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. *Significantly different from the control group; †Significantly different from the breast cancer patients before chemotherapy group.

• 

  Figure 4 The catalase activity in the control group, breast cancer patients before treatment and chemotherapy treated groups. FAC=5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. *Significantly different from the control group; †Significantly different from the breast cancer patients before chemotherapy group.

• 

  Figure 5 The creatine kinase (CK) activity in the control group, breast cancer patients before treatment and chemotherapy treated groups. FAC=5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. *Significantly different from the control group; †Significantly different from the breast cancer patients before chemotherapy group.

• 

  Figure 6 The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the control group, breast cancer patients before treatment and chemotherapy treated groups. FAC=5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. *Significantly different from the control group; †Significantly different from the breast cancer patients before chemotherapy group.

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