Infect Chemother.  2010 Dec;42(6):391-396. 10.3947/ic.2010.42.6.391.

Effect of Smoking on Influenza Illness and Vaccine-induced Immune Response in Mice

• Lee JS
• Ki SY
• Hwang IS
• Park SG
• Kim L
• Chung MH
• Cheong HJ
• Kim WJ

• KMID: 2170318
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2010.42.6.391

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Since cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for respiratory infections and alters the immune response, the severity of influenza illness and the immunogenicity of influenza vaccination may differ between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. This study investigated the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on the severity of influenza illness and vaccine-induced antibody production in mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cigarette smoke exposed (CE) and non-cigarette smoke exposed (NCE) mice were infected with mouse-adapted influenza A/PR8/8/34 (H1N1). Influenza virus was quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the lung pathology was examined to investigate the influence of smoke exposure on the severity of illness. To assess immunogenicity, hemagglutination inhibition antibodies were measured in pre- and post-influenza vaccination blood samples from CE and NCE mice.
RESULTS
Influenza viral proliferation was higher and inflammatory changes such as macrophage infiltration in the alveolar space and necrotizing bronchitis were more pronounced in CE mice, compared with controls. Vaccine-induced immunogenicity was achieved in both CE and NCE mice.
CONCLUSIONS
Cigarette smoke exposure enhanced influenza viral replication and the inflammatory changes associated with influenza illness, but had no significant effect on vaccine-induced immunogenicity.

Keyword

Immunogenicity; Inflammation; Influenza; Vaccine; Smoking

MeSH Terms

Animals
Antibodies
Antibody Formation
Bronchitis
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Hemagglutination
Inflammation
Influenza, Human
Lung
Macrophages
Mice
Orthomyxoviridae
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Respiratory Tract Infections
Risk Factors
Smoke
Smoking
Tobacco Products
Vaccination
Antibodies
Smoke

Figure

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  Figure 1 Treatment allocation.

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  Figure 2 Mean body weight before and after influenza virus challenge in cigarette smoke exposed and non-cigarette smoke exposed mice.

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  Figure 3 A representative lung histology following influenza virus infection after cigarette smoke exposure. (A) Necrotizing bronchitis has occurred after cigarette smoke exposure (H&E, ×200). (B) Neutrophils and lymphocytes are seen in the peribronchial area and alveolar spaces (H&E, ×200).

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  Figure 4 Seroconversion factors following influenza vaccination in cigarette smoke exposed and non-cigarette smoke exposed mice.

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