Endocrinol Metab.  2014 Jun;29(2):179-184. 10.3803/EnM.2014.29.2.179.

Gene Expression Regulation by Agonist-Independent Constitutive Signaling of Melanocortin-1 Receptor

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Life Science and Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea. jkim1964@ewha.ac.kr

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r), a key signaling receptor for melanogenesis, has been reported to mediate migration of B16F10 melanoma cells. Interestingly, this activity appears to be a part of the constitutive signaling of Mc1r.
METHODS
We carried out small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of Mc1r on murine melanoma B16F10 cells and performed microarray analysis to characterize changes in the gene expression profile.
RESULTS
We isolated 22 and four genes whose expression decreased and increased, respectively, by 2.5-fold or higher as the result of Mc1r knock-down. Several down-regulated genes have been proposed to be involved in cell migration. Among these genes are several members of the chemokine gene family.
CONCLUSION
We provide a gene set for further functional analyses of Mc1r. The Mc1r target genes we present may be particularly relevant for understanding the ligand-independent activity of Mc1r. Further examination of the mode of action may lead to novel strategies in regulating the migration and metastasis of melanoma cells.

Keyword

Receptor, melanocortin, type 1; Melanoma; Migration; Chemokines

MeSH Terms

Cell Movement
Chemokines
Gene Expression Regulation*
Genes, vif
Humans
Melanoma
Microarray Analysis
Neoplasm Metastasis
Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1*
Transcriptome
Chemokines
Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1

Figure

  • Fig. 1 (A) Sequences of siRNAs, wild-type melanocortin-1 receptor (WT-Mc1r), and mutant (MT)-Mc1r. (B) B16F10 cells treated with siRNAs were analyzed via transwell migration assay. Transfection of WT-Mc1r at 50 nM led to a significant reduction in migration of the cells compared to transfection of MT-Mc1r at 50 nM. (C) Confirmation of Mc1r down-regulation by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two control genes (Ald1a and Ctbp1) were used to confirm the specificity of the siRNAs, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression levels were used for normalization. Values represent the average of three independent real-time PCR experiments, each carried out in duplicate, and error bars represent standard deviation. aSignificant difference with a P value of 0.05.

  • Fig. 2 (A) Confirmation of microarray data by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A subset of genes that showed down-regulation of 2.5-fold or higher by wild-type melanocortin-1 receptor (WT-Mc1r) compared to mutant (MT)-Mc1r in microarray assay and a nontarget gene (Ald1a) whose expression level was unchanged were used to validate the results from the microarray assay. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression levels were used for normalization. Values represent the average of three independent real-time PCR experiments, each carried out in duplicate, and error bars represent standard deviation. (B) Immunoblotting for Srxn1 shows down-regulation by WT-Mc1r. β-Actin was used as the loading control. aSignificant difference with a P value of 0.05.


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