J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2015 Aug;45(4):136-144. 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.4.136.

Comparative analysis of carrier systems for delivering bone morphogenetic proteins

• Jung IH
• Lim HC
• Lee EU
• Lee JS
• Jung UW
• Choi SH

• KMID: 2164342
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2015.45.4.136

Abstract

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to comparatively assess the bone regenerative capacity of absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), biphasic calcium phosphate block (BCP) and collagenated biphasic calcium phosphate (CBCP) loaded with a low dose of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).
METHODS
The CBCP was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In rabbit calvaria, four circular 8-mm-diameter defects were created and assigned to one of four groups: (1) blood-filled group (control), (2) rhBMP-2-soaked absorbable collagen sponge (0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mL; CS group), (3) rhBMP-2-loaded BCP (BCP group), or (4) rhBMP-2-loaded CBCP (CBCP group). The animals were sacrificed either 2 weeks or 8 weeks postoperatively. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed.
RESULTS
The CBCP showed web-like collagen fibrils on and between particles. Greater dimensional stability was observed in the BCP and CBCP groups than in the control and the CS groups at 2 and 8 weeks. The new bone formation was significantly greater in the BCP and CBCP groups than in the control and CS groups at 2 weeks, but did not significantly differ among the four groups at 8 week. The CBCP group exhibited more new bone formation in the intergranular space and in the center of the defect compared to the BCP group at 2 weeks, but a similar histologic appearance was observed in both groups at 8 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS
The dose of rhBMP-2 in the present study enhanced bone regeneration in the early healing period when loaded on BCP and CBCP in rabbit calvarial defects.

Keyword

Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Bone regeneration; Calcium phosphate; Collagen

MeSH Terms

Animals
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins*
Bone Regeneration
Calcium
Collagen
Humans
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Osteogenesis
Porifera
Skull
X-Ray Diffraction
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
Calcium
Collagen

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Clinical photograph of the surgical procedure. The 8-mm-diameter defects were filled with blood coagulum (control), recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2)-loaded absorbable collagen sponge (CS), rhBMP-2-loaded biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), or rhBMP-2-loaded collagenated BCP (CBCP).

• 

  Figure 2 X-ray diffraction patterns of collagenated biphasic calcium phosphate (CBCP). The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the CBCP corresponded with the composite phases of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate.

• 

  Figure 3 Gross view and microstructure of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and collagenated BCP (CBCP). (A) Clinical photographs in wet or dry conditions of BCP and CBCP. (B) Scanning electron microscopy views of BCP and CBCP.

• 

  Figure 4 Histologic observations at 2 weeks postsurgery. (A, B) the control group, (C, D) the collagen sponge (CS) group, (E, F) the biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) group, (G, H) the collagenated BCP (CBCP) group. (B, D, G, F) Higher magnification views of the boxed area in A, C, E, and G, respectively. The black arrows indicate the margins of the defect. The black and yellow arrowheads indicate osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin stain; scale bar (A, C, E, G)= 1 mm, (B, D, G, F)= 200 µm. NB, newly formed bone; RM, residual material.

• 

  Figure 5 Histologic observations at 8 weeks postsurgery. (A, B) the control group, (C, D) the collagen sponge (CS) group, (E, F) the biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) group, (G, H) the collagenated BCP (CBCP) group. (B, D, G, F) Higher magnification views of the boxed area in A, C, E, and G, respectively. The black arrows indicate the margins of the defect. The black and yellow arrowheads indicate osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin stain; scale bar (A, C, E, G)= 1 mm, (B, D, G, F)= 200 µm. NB, newly formed bone; RM, residual material.

• 

  Figure 6 Histomorphometric graphs of the measured parameters. The total length of each bar indicates the total augmented area of each group at each healing period. NB, the area of new bone; FA, the area of fibrovascular tissue; RM, the area of residual material.

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