J Adv Prosthodont.  2015 Apr;7(2):166-171. 10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.166.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and osteoblast-like cell viability of TiN, ZrN and (Ti(1-x)Zr(x))N coating on titanium

• Ji MK
• Park SW
• Lee K
• Kang IC
• Yun KD
• Kim HS
• Lim HP

• KMID: 2118248
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.166

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity and osteoblast-like cell viability according to the ratio of titanium nitride and zirconium nitride coating on commercially pure titanium using an arc ion plating system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Polished titanium surfaces were used as controls. Surface topography was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and surface roughness was measured using a two-dimensional contact stylus profilometer. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis with the colony-forming unit assay. Cell compatibility, mRNA expression, and morphology related to human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) on the coated specimens were determined by the XTT assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
The number of S. mutans colonies on the TiN, ZrN and (Ti(1-x)Zr(x))N coated surface decreased significantly compared to those on the non-coated titanium surface (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The number of P. gingivalis colonies on all surfaces showed no significant differences. TiN, ZrN and (Ti(1-x)Zr(x))N coated titanium showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans related to initial biofilm formation but not P. gingivalis associated with advanced periimplantitis, and did not influence osteoblast-like cell viability.

Keyword

Periimplantitis; Antibacterial activity; Titanium nitride (TiN); Zirconium nitride (ZrN); Streptococcus mutans; Porphyromonas gingivalis

MeSH Terms

Biofilms
Cell Survival*
Humans
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Peri-Implantitis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
RNA, Messenger
Stem Cells
Streptococcus mutans
Tin*
Titanium*
Zirconium
RNA, Messenger
Tin
Titanium
Zirconium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of AIP system.

• 

  Fig. 2 Scanning electron microscopy images (×500 magnification) of the titanium specimen surface. (A) polished-Ti, (B) TiN, (C) ZrN, (D) (Ti75Zr25)N, (E) (Ti50Zr50)N, (F) (Ti25Zr75)N.

• 

  Fig. 3 Numbers of Streptococcus mutans (A) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (B) colonies from the different groups. *Significant difference with polished-Ti (P<.05). Outliers are denoted by circles. Data are mean and standard deviation values of three independent experiments performed in duplicate.

• 

  Fig. 4 Evaluation of MG-63 cell viability on specimens after 24 hr by the XTT assay.

• 

  Fig. 5 Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction measurements of osteonectin, integrin β1, and β-actin mRNA levels from MG-63 cells. (a) polished-Ti, (b) TiN, (c) ZrN, (d) (Ti75Zr25)N (e) (Ti50Zr50)N (f) (Ti25Zr75)N.

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