Effect of Granisetron Plus Dexamethasone in the Prevention of Delayed Nausea and Vomiting

Shim, Jeong Woo; Lee, Yong Seop; Kim, Heung Up; Jung, Geong Won; Park, Yeong Ho; Chang, Se Ho; Whang, Jin Yong; Jang, Jeong Soon; Lee, Jong Seok

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Granisetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was reported as a highly effective antiemetics, especially in combination with dexamethasone, in the prevention of acute emesis induced by cisplatin. But there is lack of data about effectiveness in the prevention of delayed emesis. In this study, the efficacy of granisetron plus dexamethasone in the prevention of delayed emesis induced by cisplatin was evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty-four patients who were to receive high-dose cisplatin containing chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in this study. They were received 20 mg of dexamethasone and 3 mg of granisetron at 30 min and 10 minutes prior to cisplatin infusion, respectively. They were monitored for 5 days, first 24 hours for acute nausea/ vomiting and the subsequent 4 days for delayed nausea/vomiting. Antiemetic effect of granisetron was evaluated according to the criteria of Italian Group of Antiemetic Research.
RESULTS
Control of delayed nausea and vomiting was achieved in 58% and 84%, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was a statistically significant prognostic factor for control of acute vomiting and delayed nausea/vomiting. There were no stastically significant differences between control of delayed nausea/ vomiting and other prognostic factors, including sex, age, and prior history of cisplatin therapy. The antiemetic effect was greater in the patients who had controled acute nausea/ vomiting than those who had not.
CONCLUSION
Granisetron plus dexamethasone is an excellent regimen in the control of not only acute emesis but also delayed emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy.