Tuberc Respir Dis.  2009 May;66(5):358-364. 10.4046/trd.2009.66.5.358.

The Etiologic Agents and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Community-acquired Pneumonia in Jeju

Affiliations
  • 1School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
  • 2Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea. doc4u@hanmail.net
  • 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The appropriate empirical antimicrobial choice in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) should be advocated by community-based information on the etiologic pathogens, their susceptibility to antimicrobials, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Jeju is a geographically isolated and identical region in Korea. However, there is no regional reference on adult CAP available. This study investigated the etiologic agents and clinical outcomes of adult patients diagnosed with CAP in Jeju, Korea, to help guide the empirical antimicrobial choice.
METHODS
A prospective observational study for one year in a referral hospital in Jeju, Korea. Patients diagnosed with CAP were enrolled with their clinical characteristics. Microbiological evaluations to identify the etiologic agents in the adult patients with CAP were performed with blood culture, expectorated sputum smear and culture, antibody tests for mycoplasma, chlamydophila, and antigen tests for legionella and pneumococcus. The clinical outcomes of the initial empirical treatment were analyzed.
RESULTS
Two hundred and three patients with mean age of 64 and 79 females were enrolled. Ten microbials from 90 cases (44.3%) were isolated and multiple isolates were confirmed in 30. Among the microbial isolates, S. pneumoniae (36.3%) was the most common, followed by M. pneumoniae (23.0%), C. pneumoniae (17.0%), S. aureus (9.6%) and P. aeruginosa (5.9%). The initial treatment failure (23.8%) was related to the isolation of polymicrobial pathogens, elevated inflammatory markers, and the presence of pleural effusion. Among the 30 isolates of S. pneumoniae, 16 (53.3%) were not susceptible to penicillin, and 19 isolates (63.3%) to erythromycin and clarithromycin. However, 29 isolates (96.7%) were susceptible to levofloxacin and ceftriaxone.
CONCLUSION
S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa are frequent etiologic agents of adult CAP in Jeju, Korea. The clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance should be considered when determining the initial empirical antimicrobial choice. Respiratory quinolone or ceftriaxone is recommended as an empirical antimicrobiotic in the treatment of adult CAP in Jeju, Korea.

Keyword

Pneumonia; Drug resistance; Community-acquired infections

MeSH Terms

Adult
Ceftriaxone
Chlamydophila
Clarithromycin
Community-Acquired Infections
Drug Resistance
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Erythromycin
Female
Humans
Korea
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Ofloxacin
Penicillins
Pleural Effusion
Pneumonia
Prospective Studies
Referral and Consultation
Sputum
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Treatment Failure
Ceftriaxone
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Ofloxacin
Penicillins

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Clinical Evaluation of the Multiplex PCR Assay for the Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Respiratory Specimens from Patients with Pneumonia
Chae Lim Jung, Mi Ae Lee, Wha Soon Chung
Korean J Clin Microbiol. 2010;13(1):40-46.    doi: 10.5145/KJCM.2010.13.1.40.


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