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Nucleic Acid Recognition and Signaling by Toll-like Receptor 9: Compartment-dependent Regulation

Koh YS

Toll-like receptor 9 binds to DNA from bacteria or viruses and activates a signaling pathway that leads to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. Adaptor complex AP-3...
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Direct Antiviral Mechanisms of Interferon-Gamma

Kang S, Brown HM, Hwang S

Interferon-gamma (IFNG) is a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates both innate and adaptive immune networks; it is the most potent activator of macrophages and a signature cytokine of activated T lymphocytes....
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cGAS-cGAMP Signaling and Antiviral Defense

Manzoor Z, Koh YS

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that plays an important role in innate immunity. Transfection of DNA or DNA virus infection results in the...
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Intrinsic Cellular Defenses against Virus Infection by Antiviral Type I Interferon

Boo KH, Yang JS

Intrinsic cellular defenses are non-specific antiviral activities by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), one of the pathogen recognize receptor (PRR), sense various microbial ligands. Especially, TLR2, TLR3,...
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Restoration of Adriamycin and Vincristine Dependent Tumoricidal Activity by Interferon in Mice with Implanted Tumor Cells

Lee WY, Lee BK, Kim BS

The survival of implanted tumor cells in mice which had been treated with interferon in combination with either adriamycin or vincristine was evaluated. While the majority of tumor cells implanted...
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NLRP6 as a Negative Regulator of Innate Immunity

Manzoor Z, Koh YS

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) play important role in immune responses by regulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB), type I interferon and inflammasomes. Nod-like receptor...
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Role of Type I Interferon during Bacterial Infection

Min CK, Choi MS, Kim IS, Cho NH

Type 1 Interferons (T1 IFN) play a pivotal role in innate immune responses against viral infection. Recently, this anti-viral cytokines are shown to be induced during bacterial infections via activation...
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The Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Gut Health

Won HY, Lee JY, Ryu D, Kim HT, Chang SY

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subset of cells with different functional characteristics compared to classical dendritic cells. The pDCs are critical for the production of type I IFN...
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Dependence of RIG-I Nucleic Acid-Binding and ATP Hydrolysis on Activation of Type I Interferon Response

Baek YM, Yoon S, Hwang YE, Kim DE

Exogenous nucleic acids induce an innate immune response in mammalian host cells through activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). We evaluated RIG-I protein for RNA binding and ATPase...
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Interferon-free treatment for hepatitis C virus infection induces normalization of extrahepatic type I interferon signaling

Sung PS, Lee EB, Park DJ, Lozada A, Jang JW, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), leading to the production of type I interferons (IFNs). It is well known that the gene expression...
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Enhanced Viral Replication by Cellular Replicative Senescence

Kim JA, Seong RK, Shin OS

Cellular replicative senescence is a major contributing factor to aging and to the development and progression of aging-associated diseases. In this study, we sought to determine viral replication efficiency of...
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Differential Roles of Lung Dendritic Cell Subsets Against Respiratory Virus Infection

Kim TH, Lee HK

Respiratory viruses can induce acute respiratory disease. Clinical symptoms and manifestations are dependent on interactions between the virus and host immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs), along with alveolar macrophages, constitute...
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MicroRNA Regulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis

Yan S, Yim LY, Lu L, Lau CS, Chan VS

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules best known for their function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Immunologically, miRNA regulates the differentiation and function of immune cells and its malfunction contributes...
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Reduced IRF7 response to rhinovirus unrelated with DNA methylation in peripheral mononuclear cells of adult asthmatics

Kim SH, Lim KH, Park HK, Lee SY, Kim SH, Kang HR, Park HW, Chang YS, Cho SH

BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses are the major cause of asthma exacerbation in both children and adults. Recently, impaired antiviral interferon (IFN) response in asthmatics has been indicated as a primary reason...
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Caspase-1 Independent Viral Clearance and Adaptive Immunity Against Mucosal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Shim YR, Lee HK

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is recognized by the innate immune system through Toll like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid inducible gene I. These pathways lead to the activation of...
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Prophylactic and Therapeutic Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mucosal Infection of Herpes Simplex Virus

Uyangaa E, Patil AM, Eo SK

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are the most common cause of genital ulceration in humans worldwide. Typically, HSV-1 and 2 infections via mucosal route result...
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligands Indoxyl 3-sulfate and Indole-3-carbinol Inhibit FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand-induced Bone Marrow-derived plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Differentiation

Hwang WB, Kim DJ, Oh GS, Park JH

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses by sensing a variety of small synthetic and natural chemicals, which act as its ligands. AhR, which is expressed...
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Analysis of Changes in the Total Lymphocyte and Eosinophil Count during Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with Response and Survival

Jeong IG, Han KS, Joung JY, Choi WS, Hwang SS, Yang SO, Seo HK, Chung J, Lee KH

The aims of this study were to analyze lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in consecutive peripheral blood samples taken during immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and to correlate the...
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