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The pterygomandibular raphe: a comprehensive review

Vutukuri R, Kitagawa N, Fukino K, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J

The pterygomandibular raphe (PMR) is a tendinous structure connecting the bucinator and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. With its implications in the spread of oral cancer, the proper treatment of...
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Buccal gland within the bucinator muscle

Lesser ER, Chaiyamoon A, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J

There are major and minor salivary glands that aid in the digestive process. Major glands are discrete and exist in predictable locations; minor salivary glands are more widespread and usually...
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A comprehensive review of the mental spine

Champagne R, Vutukuri R, Kim CY, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J

Clinical case reports and research regarding the mental spines and their associated structures create a detailed picture of the floor of the mouth for assessment during clinical treatment. This compilation...
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A novel histologic description of the fibrous networks in the lid-cheek junction and infraorbital region

Lee SH, Yi KH, Bae JH, Choi YJ, Gil YC, Hu KS, Rahman E, Kim HJ

The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical feature of retaining ligament and fat compartment on the lower eyelid and infraorbital region using a histological method, and to...
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A biceps-bicaudatus sartorius muscle: dissection of a variant with possible clinical implications

Natsis K, Koutserimpas C, Totlis T, Triantafyllou G, Tsakotos G, Nasraoui KA, Karageorgos F, Piagkou M

The current cadaveric report describes an unusual morphology of the sartorius muscle (SM), the biceps-bicaudatus variant. The SM had two (lateral and medial) heads, with distinct tendinous origins from the...
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Atlanto-occipital assimilation: embryological basis and its clinical significance

N HHH, Singh A, Poddar P, P JJ, Rani N, Gurjar H, Singh S

Atlanto-occipital assimilation is an osseous embryological anomaly of the craniovertebral junction in which the atlas (C1) is fused to the occiput of skull. Embryologically, this assimilation may happen due to...
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Sonographic observation of the paradoxical masseteric bulging and clinical implication of functional compartment

Yi KH, Bae H, Kim SB, Kim WR, Lee W, Kim JS, Kim HJ

Masseter are commonly botulinum neurotoxin targeted muscle for facial contouring in aesthetic field. However, paradoxical masseteric bulging is common adverse effect that has not been discussed with ultrasonographic observations. Retrospective study...
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Impact of peripheral blood mononuclear cells preconditioned by activated platelet supernatant in managing gastric mucosal damage induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

Badran D, El-Agroudy AEB, Kassab AA, El-Bayoumi KS, Eldken ZH, Elswaidy NRM

The world has witnessed tremendous advancements in nano-base applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) are widely used in food industry and medicine. Although their application is of important value, they may...
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Reversible effect of castration induced hypogonadism on the morphology of the left coronary arteries in adult male rabbits

Anangwe D, Obimbo MM, Ongidi IH, Gichangi PB

Hypogonadism is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. This study sought to describe the histomorphology of the left coronary arteries of the adult male rabbit following orchiectomy...
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Exploring the variations of the pancreatic ductal system: a systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies

Asghar A, Narayan RK, Pushpa NB, Patra A, Ravi KS, Tubbs R

The exocrine part of the pancreas has a duct system called the pancreatic ductal system (PDS). Its mechanism of development is complex, and any reorganization during early embryogenesis can give...
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Bisphosphonate’s effect on the tongue in adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of rutin: light and scanning electron microscopic study

El-ghazouly DEs, Yassien RI

Alendronate sodium (ALS) is a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate used for the treatment of different bone disorders. However, its adverse effect on oral soft tissue has been detected. Rutin (RUT) is natural...
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The anatomical variations of median nerve in Shiraz, Iran

Moasses Z, Aryan A, Hassanpour-Dehnavi A, Zarenezhad M, Dorodchi A

The origin and distribution of median nerve varies among the different individuals. The median nerve variations in axillary region were reported by many authors previously. Understanding of these variations is...
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Inhibitory effect of temozolomide on apoptosis induction of cinnamaldehyde in human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cell line

Abband H, Dabirian S, Jafari A, Nasiri M, Nasiri E

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an FDAapproved drug used to treat this type of cancer. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is a derivative of...
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Glucocorticoids improve sperm performance in physiological and pathological conditions: their role in sperm fight/flight response

Rago V, Vivacqua A, Aquila S

Glucocorticoids play a physiologic role in the adult male reproductive functions, modulating gonadal steroid synthesis and spermatogenesis, through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The expression of GR has been described in...
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In search of subcortical and cortical morphologic alterations of a normal brain through aging: an investigation by computed tomography scan

Ghorbanlou M, Moradi F, Kazemi-Galougahi MH, Abdollahi M

Morphologic changes in the brain through aging, as a physiologic process, may involve a wide range of variables including ventricular dilation, and sulcus widening. This study reports normal ranges of...
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Exploring amygdala structural changes and signaling pathways in postmortem brains: consequences of long-term methamphetamine addiction

Azimzadeh Z, Omidvari S, Niknazar S, Vafaei-Nezhad S, Roozbahany NA, Abdollahifar MA, Tahmasebinia F, Mahmoudiasl GR, Abbaszadeh HA, Darabi S

Methamphetamine (METH) can potentially disrupt neurotransmitters activities in the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurotoxicity through various pathways. These pathways include increased production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species,...
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Ketone ester supplementation of Atkinstype diet prolongs survival in an orthotopic xenograft model of glioblastoma

Azari H, Poff A, D’Agostino D, Reynolds B

Heavy reliance on glucose metabolism and a reduced capacity to use ketone bodies makes glioblastoma (GBM) a promising candidate for ketone-based therapies. Ketogenic diet (KD) is well-known for its promising...
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