Anat Cell Biol.  2024 Mar;57(1):105-118. 10.5115/acb.23.217.

Impact of peripheral blood mononuclear cells preconditioned by activated platelet supernatant in managing gastric mucosal damage induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats

• Badran D
• El-Agroudy AEB
• Kassab AA
• El-Bayoumi KS
• Eldken ZH
• Elswaidy NRM

• KMID: 2554245
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5115/acb.23.217

Abstract

The world has witnessed tremendous advancements in nano-base applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) are widely used in food industry and medicine. Although their application is of important value, they may cause toxicity to body tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proved its efficacy in tissue regeneration especially when it is preconditioned by activated platelet supernatant (APS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ZON on the gastric mucosa and the therapeutic role of the PBMCs preconditioned by APS in rats. Ten rats were donors and fifty rats were recipients. The recipients were divided into; control group, ZON group (10 mg/kg/day orally for five days) and preconditioned PBMCs group (1×10⁷ once intravenously 24 hours after ZON). Gastric specimens were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies. ZON group showed marked structural changes in the gastric mucosa. There was desquamation or deep ulceration of the epithelium. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei were in glandular cells. Reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen and increased tumor necrosis factor-α were in epithelial cells. There were significant elevation in malondialdahyde and reduction in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Enhancement in mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-B and cyclooxygenase-2 was detected. The preconditioned PBMCs group showed significant improvement of all parameters. So, ZON had cytotoxic effects on the gastric mucosa and the preconditioned PBMCs had a therapeutic effect on gastric mucosal damage after ZON.

Keyword

Leukocytes; mononuclear; Activated platelet supernatant; Zinc oxide nanoparticles; Gastric mucosa

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Transmission electron microscopic analysis of ZON.

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  Fig. 2 Representative photomicrographs of H&E stained section of group I showing: (A) The fundic mucosa with smooth epithelial surface (arrows), lamina propria (*) and muscularis mucosa (M). Notice the simple tubular glands (G) and lymphoid cells (L) in the lamina propria. (B) The surface and pits lined by simple columnar cells with oval nuclei and pale acidophilic cytoplasm (arrows). The underlying lamina propria contains blood vessels and smooth muscle cells (*). Notice acidophilic parietal cells (arrow heads) predominating in the upper part of the glands. (C) The darker chief cells (arrow heads) predominating in the basal part of the glands. Notice the blood vessels, lymphoid cells and smooth muscle cells of the lamina propria (*). (A) Magnification ×100, (B, C) ×400.

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  Fig. 3 Representative photomicrographs of H&E stained section of group II showing: (A) Sloughing and desquamation of the surface epithelium (arrows). (B) Deep ulceration of the epithelium extending to muscularis mucosa (arrow). Notice reduced cytoplasmic acidophilia of some parietal cells (arrow heads). (C) Reduced acidophilia, cytoplasmic vacuolation (arrows) and deeply stained pyknotic nuclei (arrow heads) of the parietal cells. (D) Shrunken cells in the basal part of the glands with deeply stained pyknotic nuclei (arrow heads). Notice markedly dilated congested blood vessels (*). (A) Magnification ×100, (B–D) ×400.

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  Fig. 4 Representative photomicrographs of H&E stained section of group III showing: (A) The fundic mucosa with smooth epithelial surface (arrows). Notice closely packed simple tubular glands (G) in the lamina propria. (B) The surface and pits lined by simple columnar mucous cells with oval nuclei (arrows). (C) Closely packed glands with nearly intact lining cells (G) and a few dilated blood vessels were observed in the lamina propria (*). Notice a few vacuolated or shrunken glandular cells (arrow heads). (A) Magnification ×100, (B, C) ×400.

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  Fig. 5 Representative photomicrographs of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostained sections; (A) Group I shows intense PCNA reaction in the nuclei of many epithelial cells in the neck of the fundic glands (arrows). (B) Group II shows reduced PCNA positive cells with very weak PCNA nuclear expression in most epithelial cells (arrows). (C) Group III shows moderate PCNA nuclear expression in many epithelial cells (arrows). (A–C) Magnification ×400.

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  Fig. 6 Representative photomicrographs of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) immunostained sections; (A) Group I shows weak TNF-α immunoreaction in the cytoplasm of a few epithelial cells of the fundic glands (arrows). (B) Group II shows strong TNF-α cytoplasmic immunoreaction in many epithelial cells (arrows). (C) Group III shows moderate TNF-α cytoplasmic immunoreaction in some epithelial cells (arrows). (A–C) Magnification ×400.

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  Fig. 7 Morphometrical and statistical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mean area %.

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  Fig. 8 Morphometrical and statistical analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mean area %.

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  Fig. 9 mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Reference

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